Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35432085›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in psychology2022

Physical Time Within Human Time.

Ronald P Gruber, Richard A Block, Carlos Montemayor

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Motivation and Time: Motivational Congruence Theory's Stance.Integrative psychological & behavioral science · 2025
    Article
  2. Time Dilation in Motivational Congruence Theory's Paradigm.Integrative psychological & behavioral science · 2025
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Editorial: Physical time within human time.Frontiers in psychology · 2023
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Commentary: Physical time within human time.Frontiers in psychology · 2023
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  8. Commentary: Physical time within human time.Frontiers in psychology · 2023
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  9. Commentary: Physical time within human time.Frontiers in psychology · 2023
    Article
  10. Commentary: Physical time within human time.Frontiers in psychology · 2023
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  11. Commentary: Physical time within human time.Frontiers in psychology · 2023
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  12. Article
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  14. Commentary: Physical time within human time.Frontiers in psychology · 2023
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  15. Commentary: Physical time within human time.Frontiers in psychology · 2023
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  16. Commentary: Physical time within human time.Frontiers in psychology · 2023
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  17. Commentary: Physical time within human time.Frontiers in psychology · 2023
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Ronald P GruberStanford University Medical Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.
Richard A BlockDepartment of Psychology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States.
Carlos MontemayorDepartment of Philosophy, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, United States.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A possible solution is offered to help resolve the "two times problem" regarding the veridical and illusory nature of time. First it is recognized that the flow (passage) of time is part of a wider array of temporal experiences referred to as manifest time, all of which need to be reconciled. Then, an information gathering and utilizing system (IGUS) model is used as a basis for a view of manifest time. The model IGUS robot of Hartle that solves the "unique present" debate is enhanced with veridical and (corresponding) illusory components of not only the flow of time but also the larger entity of manifest time, providing a dualistic IGUS robot that represents all of the important temporal experiences. Based upon a variety of prior experiments, that view suggests that the veridical system is a reflection of accepted spacetime cosmologies and through natural selection begets the illusory system for functional purposes. Thus, there are not two opposing times, one outside and one inside the cranium. There is just one fundamental physical time which the brain developed, now possesses and is itself sufficient for adaption but then enhances. The illusory system is intended to provide a more satisfying experience of physical time, and better adaptive behavior. Future experiments to verify that view are provided. With a complete veridical system of temporal experiences there may be less need to reify certain temporal experiences so that the two times problem is less of a problem and more of a phenomenon.

Indexed as

dualisticenduring-selfIGUSpassagepersistencetemporality

Identifiers

PMID35432085
PMCPMC9005802

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.