Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35431011›Full record

ArticleEuropean psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists2022

Socioeconomic status, individual behaviors and risk for mental disorders: A Mendelian randomization study.

Jiahao Cai, Zixin Wei, Ming Chen, Lei He, Hongxuan Wang, Mei Li, Ying Peng

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
44citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

44 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Observational
  3. Article
  4. Constipation and Psychiatric Disorders: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study.Combinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening · 2026
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    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Jiahao CaiDepartment of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Zixin WeiDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Ming ChenDepartment of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Lei HeDepartment of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.ORCID 0000-0003-2573-4302
Hongxuan WangDepartment of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.ORCID 0000-0002-3353-0433
Mei LiDepartment of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Ying PengDepartment of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThere is increasing attention on the association of socioeconomic status and individual behaviors (SES/IB) with mental health. However, the impacts of SES/IB on mental disorders are still unclear. To provide evidence for establishing feasible strategies on disease screening and prevention, we implemented Mendelian randomization (MR) design to appraise causality between SES/IB and mental disorders.

methodsWe conducted a two-sample MR study to assess the causal effects of SES and IB (dietary habits, habitual physical activity, smoking behaviors, drinking behaviors, sleeping behaviors, leisure sedentary behaviors, risky behaviors, and reproductive behaviors) on three mental disorders, including bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder and schizophrenia. A series of filtering steps were taken to select eligible genetic instruments robustly associated with each of the traits. Inverse variance weighted was used for primary analysis, with alternative MR methods including MR-Egger, weighted median, and weighted mode estimate. Complementary methods were further used to detect pleiotropic bias.

resultsAfter Bonferroni correction and rigorous quality control, we identified that SES (educational attainment), smoking behaviors (smoking initiation, number of cigarettes per day), risky behaviors (adventurousness, number of sexual partners, automobile speeding propensity) and reproductive behavior (age at first birth) were causally associated with at least one of the mental disorders.

conclusionsMR study provides robust evidence that SES/IB play broad impacts on mental disorders.

Indexed as

Bipolar DisorderMajor Depressive DisorderMental DisordersGenome-Wide Association StudyHumansMendelian Randomization AnalysisSocial ClassBipolar disorderindividual behaviorsmajor depressive disorderschizophreniasocioeconomic status

Identifiers

PMID35431011
PMCPMC9158396

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.