ArticleJournal of extracellular vesicles2022
Robust delivery of RIG-I agonists using extracellular vesicles for anti-cancer immunotherapy.
Article in Journal of extracellular vesicles, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- Extracellular Vesicles as Emerging Drug Delivery Platforms in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Pooled it
- Engineered exosomes for breast cancer immunotherapy: Emerging strategies and translational potential.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Review
- Advances in Extracellular Vesicle-Based Innovative Drugs Targeting Alzheimer's Disease.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicles in solid tumors: from tumor ecology to engineered therapeutics.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- A self-amplifying RNA vector based on rubella virus for mRNA therapeutics and vaccine applications.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Article
- A RIG-I targeting nanozyme induces PANoptosis for cancer immunotherapy.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Template-Directed RIG-I Agonist Assembly for Image-guided Targeted Cancer Immunotherapy.Molecular imaging and biology · 2026Article
- BRRIAR lncRNA alters breast cancer risk by modulating interferon signaling in cis and in trans.Molecular cancer · 2026Article
- Designing nucleic acid-based therapeutics for cancer treatment: Updates on the state of the art.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Review
- Broccoli-derived nanovesicles protect against UVB-induced skin photoaging via integrated transcriptomic and proteomic reprogramming of redox and extracellular matrix homeostasis.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Article
- Targeting pattern recognition receptors for cancer therapy: Mechanisms and strategies.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2025Review
- Fabrication of RIG-I-Activating Nanoparticles for Intratumoral Immunotherapy via Flash Nanoprecipitation.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Strategic Advances in Targeted Delivery Carriers for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Engineered red blood cell extracellular vesicles for delivery of Dox and siIDO1 enhance targeted chemo-immunotherapy of acute myeloid leukemia.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- Extracellular Vesicles Administered via Intrathecal Injection Mediate Safe Delivery of Nucleic Acids to the Central Nervous System for Gene Therapy.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2025Article
- Methods and Challenges in Purifying Drug-Loaded Extracellular Vesicles.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2025Review
- Harnessing engineered extracellular vesicles for enhanced therapeutic efficacy: advancements in cancer immunotherapy.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2025Review
- Oligonucleotide-Based Modulation of Macrophage Polarization: Emerging Strategies in Immunotherapy.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2025Review
- Emerging concepts in the molecular cell biology and functions of mammalian erythrocytes.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2025Review
- Natural and Bioengineered Extracellular Vesicles in Diagnosis, Monitoring and Treatment of Cancer.ACS nano · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The RIG-I pathway can be activated by RNA containing 5' triphosphate, leading to type I interferon release and immune activation. Hence, RIG-I agonists have been used to induce immune responses against cancer as potential immunotherapy. However, delivery of 5' triphosphorylated RNA molecules as RIG-I agonists to tumour cells in vivo is challenging due to the susceptibility of these molecules to degradation. In this study, we demonstrate the use of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from red blood cells (RBCs), which are highly amenable for RNA loading and taken up robustly by cancer cells, for RIG-I agonist delivery. We evaluate the anti-cancer activity of two novel RIG-I agonists, the immunomodulatory RNA (immRNA) with a unique secondary structure for efficient RIG-I activation, and a 5' triphosphorylated antisense oligonucleotide with dual function of RIG-I activation and miR-125b inhibition (3p-125b-ASO). We find that RBCEV-delivered immRNA and 3p-125b-ASO trigger the RIG-I pathway, and induce cell death in both mouse and human breast cancer cells. Furthermore, we observe a significant suppression of tumour growth coupled with increased immune cell infiltration mediated by the activation of RIG-I cascade after multiple intratumoral injections of RBCEVs loaded with immRNA or 3p-125b-ASO. Targeted delivery of immRNA using RBCEVs with EGFR-binding nanobody administrated via intrapulmonary delivery facilitates the accumulation of RBCEVs in metastatic cancer cells, leading to potent tumour-specific CD8
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.