ArticleHealth services research2022
Consequences of forgoing prescription drug subsidies among low-income Medicare beneficiaries with diabetes.
Article in Health services research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Differences in Out-of-Pocket Expenditures for Healthcare Services Among Medicare Beneficiaries by Demographics.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- State Expansions in Medicaid Financial Assistance for Low-Income Medicare Beneficiaries: Changes in Enrollment and Use.Health services research · 2026Article
- A Patient-Informed Framework of Financial Strain Among Adults with Multimorbidity.Journal of general internal medicine · 2026Article
- Adherence to GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors by out-of-pocket spending among Medicare beneficiaries with diabetes.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Article
- Eliminating Health Disparities in Atrial Fibrillation, Heart Failure, and Dyslipidemia: A Path Toward Achieving Pharmacoequity.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2023Review
- Consequences of forgoing prescription drug subsidies among low-income Medicare beneficiaries with diabetes.Health services research · 2022Article
- A Mixed-Methods Usability Pilot of a Value-Goal Elicitation Tool in the Inpatient Setting for Older Adults Anticipating Post-Acute Care.Inquiry : a journal of medical care organization, provision and financingArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe objective is to estimate the take-up of the Medicare Part D Low-Income Subsidy (LIS) among Medicare beneficiaries with diabetes and examine differences in out-of-pocket costs and prescription drug use between LIS enrollees and LIS-eligible non-enrollees. The LIS reduces out-of-pocket drug costs for low-income beneficiaries; however, not all LIS-eligible individuals are enrolled. Take-up of the LIS, and consequences of forgoing this benefit among beneficiaries with diabetes, remains unknown. DATA SOURCES: Health and Retirement Study linked to Medicare administrative data from 2008 to 2016. STUDY
designWe conducted two analyses among beneficiaries with diabetes. First, we estimated LIS take-up stratified by income (≤100% of the Federal Poverty Level [FPL] and >100% to ≤150% of FPL). Second, to assess the consequences of forgoing the LIS among near-poor beneficiaries (incomes >100% to ≤150% of FPL), we conducted propensity score-weighted regression analyses to compare out-of-pocket costs, the prescription drug use, and cost-related medication non-adherence among LIS enrollees and LIS-eligible non-enrollees. DATA COLLECTION/DATA EXTRACTION: N/A. PRINCIPAL
findingsAmong Medicare beneficiaries with diabetes, 68.1% of those with incomes >100% to ≤150% of FPL received the LIS, while 90.3% with incomes ≤100% of FPL received the LIS. Among near-poor beneficiaries, LIS-eligible non-enrollees incurred higher annual out-of-pocket drug spending ($518; 95 [in USD]% CI: $370 [in USD], $667 [in USD]; p < 0.001), filled 7.3 fewer prescriptions for diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia drugs (95% CI: -11.1, -3.5; p < 0.001), and were 8.9 percentage points more likely to report skipping drugs due to cost (95% CI: 0.3, 18.0; p = 0.04), all compared to LIS enrollees.
conclusionsDespite providing substantial financial assistance with prescription drug costs, the LIS is under-utilized among beneficiaries with chronic conditions requiring routine medication use. As policy makers discuss Part D reforms to address rising out-of-pocket drug costs, they should consider strategies to increase participation in existing programs that alleviate cost burdens among low-income Medicare beneficiaries.
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Registered trials
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