ReviewThe Lancet. Neurology2022
Functional neurological disorder: new subtypes and shared mechanisms.
Review in The Lancet. Neurology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to trial NCT07527403 (Impact of Theta Burst Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on the Patient's Self-reported Improvement in Their Motor Functional Neurological Disorder), which is not on this map. Cited by 224 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Impact of Theta Burst Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on the Patient's Self-reported Improvement in Their Motor Functional Neurological Disorder
Who cites it
224 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Functional visual loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiology, prognosis and treatment.Eye (London, England) · 2026Pooled it
- The role of AI-assisted drug repurposing in neurological disorders: a systematic review of validation strategies, challenges and opportunities.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Pooled it
- (Es)ketamine in functional neurological disorder: a systematic review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Sleep disorders in functional neurological disorder - a systematic review and meta-analysis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Pooled it
- Incidence and prevalence of functional neurological disorder: a systematic review.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Pain and functional neurological disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Clinical outcomes and economic impact of a digital telemedicine intervention in patients with functional motor disorders: a single-blind, randomised controlled trial.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry · 2025Trial
- Randomised feasibility study evaluating eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing therapy for functional neurological disorder (MODIFI).Journal of neurology · 2025Trial
- Combined Physiotherapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Functional Movement Disorders: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA neurology · 2024Trial
- Persistent physical symptoms not explained by structural abnormalities or disease processes: a primary care approach to promote recovery.Scandinavian journal of primary health care · 2026Review
- Altered Interoceptive Predictive Coding in Functional Neurological Disorders.Psychophysiology · 2026Article
- Coexisting Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome on Autonomic Reflex Testing in Functional Neurologic Disorder.The American journal of case reports · 2026Article
- A circuit dissection of perception-action decoupling in S-ketamine-induced hallucination-like states.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Imaging biomarkers in functional neurological disorders.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2026Review
- Neurofeedback for functional neurological disorders: future directions for research and clinical practice.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2026Review
- Investigating mechanisms and monitoring outcomes in functional neurological disorder: the unrealized potential of digital remote monitoring technologies.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2026Review
- Neurological Manifestations of Long COVID: Current Evidence, Emerging Concepts, and Future Perspectives.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Functional neurological disorder: characterization, diagnosis, and outcome predictors in a Brazilian cohort.Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2026Article
- Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder Obscured by Incomplete Diagnostic Communication: A Case Report.Cureus · 2026Article
- Treatment of Functional Neurological Disorders.Journal of clinical neurology (Seoul, Korea) · 2026Review
164 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Functional neurological disorder is common in neurological practice. A new approach to the positive diagnosis of this disorder focuses on recognisable patterns of genuinely experienced symptoms and signs that show variability within the same task and between different tasks over time. Psychological stressors are common risk factors for functional neurological disorder, but are often absent. Four entities-functional seizures, functional movement disorders, persistent perceptual postural dizziness, and functional cognitive disorder-show similarities in aetiology and pathophysiology and are variants of a disorder at the interface between neurology and psychiatry. All four entities have distinctive features and can be diagnosed with the support of clinical neurophysiological studies and other biomarkers. The pathophysiology of functional neurological disorder includes overactivity of the limbic system, the development of an internal symptom model as part of a predictive coding framework, and dysfunction of brain networks that gives movement the sense of voluntariness. Evidence supports tailored multidisciplinary treatment that can involve physical and psychological therapy approaches.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.