Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35429387›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2022

Insulin Sensitivity and Metabolic Flexibility Parallel Plasma TCA Levels in Early Chronotype With Metabolic Syndrome.

Mary-Margaret E Remchak, Emily M Heiston, Anna Ballantyne, Brielle L Dotson, Nathan R Stewart, Andrea M Spaeth, Steven K Malin

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
25citing papers in PubMed
3.3field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

25 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
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  7. Circadian rhythms and gastrointestinal hormone-related appetite regulation.Current opinion in endocrinology, diabetes, and obesity · 2025
    Review
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  10. Tailoring Exercise Prescription for Effective Diabetes Glucose Management.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025
    Review
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Review
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  15. Article
  16. Review
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  19. Observational
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Mary-Margaret E RemchakRutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7288-0831
Emily M HeistonUniversity of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1263-4783
Anna BallantyneUniversity of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
Brielle L DotsonUniversity of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
Nathan R StewartRutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
Andrea M SpaethRutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8431-6154
Steven K MalinRutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7360-6711
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey · USUniversity of Virginia · USVirginia Commonwealth University · US

Funding

Exercise Dose and Metformin for Vascular Health in Adults with Metabolic SyndromeR01HL130296 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA · PI MALIN, STEVEN K · 2017 to 2021
$3.7M
Multi-Disciplinary Training Program in Translational Cardiovascular ResearchT32HL149645 · NHLBI · VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY · PI Lauren Ashley Cowart, William Gregory Hundley · 2020 to 2026
$2.2M
NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL130296NHLBI NIH HHS T32 HL149645
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

contextPeople characterized as late chronotype have elevated type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk compared to early chronotype. It is unclear how chronotype is associated with insulin sensitivity, metabolic flexibility, or plasma TCA cycle intermediates concentration, amino acids (AA), and/or beta-oxidation.

objectiveThis study examined these metabolic associations with chronotype.

methodsThe Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) was used to classify adults with metabolic syndrome (ATP III criteria) as either early (n = 15 [13F], MEQ = 64.7 ± 1.4) or late (n = 19 [16F], MEQ = 45.5 ± 1.3) chronotype. Fasting bloods determined hepatic (HOMA-IR) and adipose insulin resistance (Adipose-IR) while a 120-minute euglycemic clamp (40 mU/m2/min, 5 mmoL/L) was performed to test peripheral insulin sensitivity (glucose infusion rate). Carbohydrate (CHOOX) and fat oxidation (FOX), as well as nonoxidative glucose disposal (NOGD), were also estimated (indirect calorimetry). Plasma tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) intermediates, AA, and acyl-carnitines were measured along with VO2max and body composition (DXA).

resultsThere were no statistical differences in age, BMI, fat-free mass, VO2max, or ATP III criteria between groups. Early chronotype, however, had higher peripheral insulin sensitivity (P = 0.009) and lower HOMA-IR (P = 0.02) and Adipose-IR (P = 0.05) compared with late chronotype. Further, early chronotype had higher NOGD (P = 0.008) and greater insulin-stimulated CHOOX (P = 0.02). While fasting lactate (P = 0.01), TCA intermediates (isocitrate, α-ketoglutarate, succinate, fumarate, malate; all P ≤ 0.04) and some AA (proline, isoleucine; P = 0.003-0.05) were lower in early chronotype, other AA (threonine, histidine, arginine; all P ≤ 0.05) and most acyl-carnitines were higher (P ≤ 0.05) compared with late chronotype.

conclusionGreater insulin sensitivity and metabolic flexibility relates to plasma TCA concentration in early chronotype.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Insulin ResistanceMetabolic SyndromeAdenosine TriphosphateAdultBlood GlucoseCitric Acid CycleGlucoseGlucose Clamp TechniqueHumansInsulinAdenosine TriphosphateBlood GlucoseGlucoseInsulinacyl-carnitinesamino acidsfat metabolismobesitysubstrate oxidationtype 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID35429387
PMCPMC9282268
OpenAlexW4223989412

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.