ArticleAIDS and behavior2022
Crack cocaine use frequency is associated with HIV disease severity independent of antiretroviral therapy exposure: a prospective cohort study.
Article in AIDS and behavior, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Influence of cocaine use reduction on markers of immune function.Journal of neuroimmunology · 2024Trial
- Polarization of HIV-1- and CMV-Specific IL-17-Producing T Cells among People with HIV under Antiretroviral Therapy with Cannabis and/or Cocaine Usage.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Longitudinal changes in neurocognitive performance related to drug use intensity in a sample of persons with and without HIV who use illicit stimulants.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2023Article
- Association of Substance Use with Immunological Response to Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-Positive Patients from Southwest Ethiopia: A Prospective Observational Study.International journal of general medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
We sought to evaluate the effect of crack cocaine use frequency on HIV disease severity among HIV-positive people who use unregulated drugs (PWUD). We analyzed data from the ACCESS study, an open prospective cohort of HIV-positive PWUD including comprehensive HIV clinical monitoring in a setting with no-cost healthcare. Multivariable generalized linear mixed-effects models were used to estimate the independent effect of time-updated crack cocaine use frequency on HIV disease severity, adjusting for ART exposure and relevant confounders. In multivariable adjusted models, daily or greater frequency of crack cocaine use was significantly associated with higher VACS Index scores (β = 0.8, 95% confidence interval: 0.1, 1.5) as compared to none. Our finding suggests that daily or greater frequency of crack cocaine use exacerbates HIV disease severity independent of ART exposure. The observed effect may reflect an underlying biological mechanism or other factors linked with crack cocaine use; further investigation is warranted.
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Registered trials
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