ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2022
Prolonged Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: Results From a Large Population-Based Nested Case-Control Study.
Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association and Mechanisms of Proton Pump Inhibitors Use with Type-2Diabetes Mellitus Incidence in Adults: A Systemic Review andMeta-Analysis.Current diabetes reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Drug-Induced Glucose Metabolism Disorders: Role of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor.Journal of xenobiotics · 2025Review
- Pancreatic Function in Chronic Proton Pump Inhibitor Use: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Study.Maedica · 2025Article
- Long-Term or Recurrent Antibiotic Use in Early Life and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Population-Based Prospective Cohort and a Case-Control Study.Journal of diabetes · 2025Article
- Impact of anti-peptic ulcer disease medications on type 2 diabetes mellitus risk in patients with PUD: a population-based retrospective cohort study.Therapeutic advances in endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- Time Trends in Liver-Related Mortality in People With and Without Diabetes: Results From a Population-Based Study.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Article
- Proton pump inhibitor use is associated with increased liver steatosis.Biomedical reports · 2024Article
- Efficacy and safety of proton pump inhibitors on cardiovascular events and inflammatory factors in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding undergoing dual antiplatelet therapy.Inflammopharmacology · 2024Article
- Article
- Individualized prevention of proton pump inhibitor related adverse events by risk stratification.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Exposure to proton pump inhibitors and risk of diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.World journal of diabetes · 2023Article
- Evidence for proton-pump inhibitor (PPI)-associated dysbiosis in metabolically unhealthy obesity.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- From contact coverage to effective coverage of community care for patients with severe mental disorders: A real-world investigation from Italy.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
contextIt is still debated whether prolonged use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) might affect metabolic health.
objectiveTo investigate the relationship between prolonged use of PPIs and the risk of developing diabetes.
methodsWe performed a case-control study nested into a cohort of 777 420 patients newly treated with PPIs between 2010 and 2015 in Lombardy, Italy. A total of 50 535 people diagnosed with diabetes until 2020 were matched with an equal number of controls that were randomly selected from the cohort members according to age, sex, and clinical status. Exposure to treatment with PPIs was assessed in case-control pairs based on time of therapy. A conditional logistic regression model was fitted to estimate the odds ratios and 95% CIs for the exposure-outcome association, after adjusting for several covariates. Sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the robustness of our findings.
resultsCompared with patients who used PPIs for < 8 weeks, higher odds of diabetes of 19% (95% CI, 15-24), 43% (38-49), and 56% (49-64) were observed among those who used PPIs for between 8 weeks and 6 months, 6 months and 2 years, and > 2 years, respectively. The results were consistent when analyses were stratified according to age, sex, and clinical profile, with higher odds ratios being found in younger patients and those with worse clinical complexity. Sensitivity analyses revealed that the association was consistent and robust.
conclusionsRegular and prolonged use of PPIs is associated with a higher risk of diabetes. Physicians should therefore avoid unnecessary prescription of this class of drugs, particularly for long-term use.
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