ArticleBMC infectious diseases2022
Cascade Immune Mechanisms of Protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (IMPAc-TB): study protocol for the Household Contact Study in the Western Cape, South Africa.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lung Resident T Cells Across the Spectrum of TB Infection and Disease.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Rv2656c: A Potential Candidate Antigen Associated with Latent Tuberculosis Infection.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth inhibition by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from household contacts is not affected by previous SARS-CoV-2 infection.Gates open research · 2025Article
- Optimising the yield from bronchoalveolar lavage on human participants in infectious disease immunology research.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Optimising the yield from bronchoalveolar lavage on human participants in infectious disease immunology research.Research square · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundNatural immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis exists, and > 90% of those infected remain disease-free. Innate and adaptive immune responses required to mediate such protection against tuberculosis (TB) are, however, poorly understood.
methodsThis is an analytical study exploring protective and non-protective pathways of immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Adults without HIV infection are recruited at community healthcare clinics in high TB incidence areas of the Western Cape Province, South Africa. Data regarding participants' medical, social and medication usage will be collected, and clinical examinations and point-of-care tests documented. Reference tests for TB (chest radiographs and sputum tests for GeneXpert MTB/RIF Ultra®, Auramine smear and liquid cultures) and investigations to classify infection states [interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) and SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) nasopharyngeal swab and IgG], are done on all participants who meet the inclusion criteria. 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography combined with computerized tomography will be done on all close contacts (contacts) and healthy control (controls) participants. Participants are divided into 12 study groups representing a spectrum of TB clinical phenotypes and prior SARS-CoV-2 infection based on their TB status, exposure history, results of IGRA test at baseline and 3 months, SARS-CoV-2 serology, and PCR results, and for contacts and controls, PET-CT imaging findings indicative of sub-clinical TB lesions. Samples for experimental assays include whole blood for isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and blood in PAXgene® tubes for RNA isolation. All SARS-CoV-2 PCR negative study participants undergo bronchoscopy for collecting bronchoalveolar lavage samples. DISCUSSION: The paired blood and BAL samples will be used for comprehensive analyses of the tissue-specific and systemic immunity that will include e.g., cytometry by time-of-flight analyses, RNA-sequencing, multiplex immunoassays, epigenetic analysis, and mechanistic studies of control of infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Results will be integrated with those from mice and non-human primate studies to provide a comprehensive analysis of protective pathways in natural and vaccine-induced immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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