ArticleBMC public health2022
Prevalence and determinants of nutritional status among women and children in Pakistan.
Article in BMC public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Socioeconomic inequalities in overweight and obesity among South Asian women, 2000-2022.Global health action · 2026Article
- Biofortification as a sustainable strategy to address micronutrient malnutrition in South Asia.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Review
- Article
- Burden of cardiometabolic diseases and depression in a low-income, urban community in Pakistan: a cross-sectional survey.BMC public health · 2025Article
- A review of the dietary diversity and micronutrient adequacy among the women of reproductive age in low- and middle-income countries.Food science & nutrition · 2024Review
- Relationship of self-reported pica and avoidant restrictive food intake disorder symptomology with dimensions of impulsivity, perceived stress among Pakistani University students.Journal of eating disorders · 2024Article
- Spatial clustering of overweight/obesity among women in India: Insights from the latest National Family Health Survey.PloS one · 2024Article
- Analysis and prediction of protein-energy malnutrition in children aged 8-10 years.American journal of translational research · 2024Article
- Estimation of calories intake, iron, zinc, and selenium among children of the underprivileged area in Sindh, Pakistan.PloS one · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundNutrition has been a low-priority area in Pakistan, with low visibility from the political leadership. Despite various efforts, Pakistan has been reported to have one of the highest prevalences of child and women malnutrition compared to other developing counties. Therefore, this study intends to examine the prevalence and determinants of nutritional status of women and children in Pakistan.
methodsThe present study uses the Demographic Health Survey (DHS) data from Pakistan 2012-13 (PDHS-3). The nutritional status of women was examined through Body-Mass Index (Underweight, normal, overweight, & obese), and that of children was examined through stunting (severe and moderate), wasting (severe, moderate, overweight), and underweight (severe, moderate, overweight). Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis have been used along with multinomial logistic regression.
resultsA higher proportion of children in rural areas were severely stunted (19.6% vs. 12.5%), severe wasted (2.4% vs. 2.2%), and severe underweight (9.4% vs. 6%) than their urban counterparts. A higher proportion of rural women (9.5% vs. 5.5%) were underweight than urban women, whereas a higher proportion of urban women were obese (24.3% vs. 19.0%) than rural women. The odds of severe stunting (OR = 0.24; C.I. = 0.15-0.37), severe underweight (OR = 0.11; C.I. = 0.05-0.22) were lower among children from the richest wealth quintile than their poorest counterparts. The Relative Risk Ratio (RRR) of being overweight (RRR = 3.7; C.I. = 2.47-5.54) and Obese (RRR = 4.35; C.I. = 2.67-7.07) than normal BMI were higher among women from richest wealth quintile than women belonged to poorest wealth quintile.
conclusionThis study has highlighted determinants associated with maternal and child nutritional status, whereby the child's nutritional status was measured by stunting, wasting, and underweight, and BMI measured the mother's nutritional status. The main risk factors for a child's poor nutritional status include low household wealth, urban residence, and mother's educational status. Similarly, the main risk factors for women's poor nutritional status include increasing the women's age, educational status, rural residence, and household wealth. Poor households should be provided special attention to improve the nutritional status among women and children in poor households.
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