ArticleJournal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry2022
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Restricted Phenotypes Prevalence, Comorbidity, and Polygenic Risk Sensitivity in the ABCD Baseline Cohort.
Article in Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Do White Noise or Pink Noise Help With Task Performance in Youth With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder or With Elevated Attention Problems?Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Important Mechanisms in the Development of Anxiety in Children with ADHD: The Role of Associated Features of ADHD and Interpersonal Functioning.Child psychiatry and human development · 2026Review
- The reporting and handling of missing data in genetic epidemiological studies of mental health in childhood and adolescence: A systematic review.JCPP advances · 2026Article
- Reproducible Temperament Profiles in Adolescents With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Prospectively Predict Clinical Outcomes.Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2026Article
- Interrogating cognitive and neural group variation in childhood: Examples in adolescent brain cognitive development and Oregon attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-1000 cohorts.Journal of psychopathology and clinical science · 2026Article
- From school climate to brain development: What the ABCD study reveals about the educational context of adolescence.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2026Review
- Untangling relationships between cognitive development and child and adolescent mental health: Findings from the ABCD Study.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2026Review
- Cerebellar pathway diffusion MRI measures are linked to core autism symptoms in early adolescents aged 9 to 11 years.Brain structure & function · 2026Article
- A decade of discovery: Leveraging genomic data in the ABCD study to illuminate adolescent neurodevelopment.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2026Review
- Are executive function and neuroanatomy in ADHD modulated by bilingualism?bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Learning brain dynamics across distinct scaling regimes reveals psychiatric signatures.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Mapping ADHD Heterogeneity and Biotypes by Topological Deviations in Morphometric Similarity Networks.JAMA psychiatry · 2026Article
- The impact of social determinants of health and trajectories of medication use on functional outcomes in children with ADHD: study protocol.BJPsych open · 2026Article
- Observational
- Digital Media, Genetics, and Risk for ADHD Symptoms in Children: A Longitudinal Study.Pediatrics open science · 2026Article
- Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Psychiatric Disorders in Year 1 of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study.The Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2026Article
- Article
- Distinct neuroimaging subtypes of ADHD among adolescents based on semi-supervised learning.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Neural reward processing among children with conduct disorder and mild traumatic brain injury in the ABCD study.Psychological medicine · 2025Article
- Association of screen time with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms and their development: the mediating role of brain structure.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate the prevalence and major comorbidities of ADHD using different operational definitions in a newly available national dataset and to test the utility of operational definitions against genetic and cognitive correlates.
methodThe US Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study enrolled 11,878 children aged 9-10 years at baseline. ADHD prevalence, comorbidity, and association with polygenic risk score and laboratory-assessed executive functions were calculated at 4 thresholds of ADHD phenotype restrictiveness. Bias from missingness, sampling, and nesting were addressed statistically.
resultsPrevalence of current ADHD for 9- to 10-year old children was 3.53% (95% CI 3.14%-3.92%) when Computerized Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children (K-SADS-COMP) score and parent and teacher ratings were required to converge. Of ADHD cases so defined, 70% had a comorbid psychiatric disorder. After control for overlapping comorbidity and ruling out for psychosis or low IQ, 30.9% (95% CI 25.7%-36.7%) had a comorbid disruptive behavior disorder, 27.4% (95% CI 22.3%-33.1%) had an anxiety or fear disorder, and 2.1% (95% CI 1.2%-3.8%) had a mood disorder. Children in the top decile of polygenic load incurred a 63% increased chance of having ADHD vs the bottom half of polygenic load (p < .01)-an effect detected only with a stringent phenotype definition. Dimensional latent variables for irritability, externalizing, and ADHD yielded convergent results for cognitive correlates.
conclusionThis fresh estimate of national prevalence of ADHD in the United States suggests that the DSM-5 definition requiring multiple informants yields a prevalence of about 3.5%. Results may inform further ADHD studies in the ABCD sample.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.