Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35427520›Full record

ArticleThe Lancet. Global health2022

National, regional, and global estimates of anaemia by severity in women and children for 2000-19: a pooled analysis of population-representative data.

Gretchen A Stevens, Christopher J Paciorek, Monica C Flores-Urrutia, Elaine Borghi, Sorrel Namaste, James P Wirth, Parminder S Suchdev, Majid Ezzati, Fabian Rohner, Seth R Flaxman and 1 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The Lancet. Global health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07633262 (FACE-APPS-Based Approach for Improving Iron Deficiency Anaemia Indicators Among Female Adolescents at Marginalized Communities), which is not on this map. Cited by 271 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
271citing papers in PubMed, 11 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07633262 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

FACE-APPS-Based Approach for Improving Iron Deficiency Anaemia Indicators Among Female Adolescents at Marginalized Communities: A Randomized Control Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorCairo UniversityRan2026 to 2026Enrolled160ConditionsIron Deficiency Anemia, Digital Health Literacy, Health Promotion Model (HPM)ArmsFACE-APPS-Based Approach
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

271 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  3. FIGO good practice recommendations on anemia in pregnancy, to reduce the incidence and impact of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH).International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2025
    Guideline
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211 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Gretchen A StevensIndependent researcher, Los Angeles, CA, USA; School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Christopher J PaciorekDepartment of Statistics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Monica C Flores-UrrutiaDepartment of Nutrition and Food Safety, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Elaine BorghiDepartment of Nutrition and Food Safety, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Sorrel NamasteThe DHS Program, ICF, Rockville, MD, USA.
James P WirthGroundWork, Fläsch, Switzerland.
Parminder S SuchdevDepartment of Pediatrics and Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Majid EzzatiSchool of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK; Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana.
Fabian RohnerGroundWork, Fläsch, Switzerland.
Seth R FlaxmanDepartment of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Lisa M RogersDepartment of Nutrition and Food Safety, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. Electronic address: rogersl@who.int.

Funding

CDC HHSMedical Research Council MR/V034057/1World Health Organization 001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAnaemia causes health and economic harms. The prevalence of anaemia in women aged 15-49 years, by pregnancy status, is indicator 2.2.3 of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, and the aim of halving the anaemia prevalence in women of reproductive age by 2030 is an extension of the 2025 global nutrition targets endorsed by the World Health Assembly (WHA). We aimed to estimate the prevalence of anaemia by severity for children aged 6-59 months, non-pregnant women aged 15-49 years, and pregnant women aged 15-49 years in 197 countries and territories and globally for the period 2000-19.

methodsFor this pooled analysis of population-representative data, we collated 489 data sources on haemoglobin distribution in children and women from 133 countries, including 4·5 million haemoglobin measurements. Our data sources comprised health examination, nutrition, and household surveys, accessed as anonymised individual records or as summary statistics such as mean haemoglobin and anaemia prevalence. We used a Bayesian hierarchical mixture model to estimate haemoglobin distributions in each population and country-year. This model allowed for coherent estimation of mean haemoglobin and prevalence of anaemia by severity.

findingsGlobally, in 2019, 40% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 36-44) of children aged 6-59 months were anaemic, compared to 48% (45-51) in 2000. Globally, the prevalence of anaemia in non-pregnant women aged 15-49 years changed little between 2000 and 2019, from 31% (95% UI 28-34) to 30% (27-33), while in pregnant women aged 15-49 years it decreased from 41% (39-43) to 36% (34-39). In 2019, the prevalence of anaemia in children aged 6-59 months exceeded 70% in 11 countries and exceeded 50% in all women aged 15-49 years in ten countries. Globally in all populations and in most countries and regions, the prevalence of mild anaemia changed little, while moderate and severe anaemia declined in most populations and geographical locations, indicating a shift towards mild anaemia.

interpretationGlobally, regionally, and in nearly all countries, progress on anaemia in women aged 15-49 years is insufficient to meet the WHA global nutrition target to halve anaemia prevalence by 2030, and the prevalence of anaemia in children also remains high. A better understanding of the context-specific causes of anaemia and quality implementation of effective multisectoral actions to address these causes are needed.

fundingUSAID, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

Indexed as

AnemiaGlobal HealthAdolescentAdultBayes TheoremChildFemaleHemoglobinsHumansMiddle AgedPregnancyPrevalenceSustainable DevelopmentYoung AdultHemoglobins

Identifiers

PMID35427520
PMCPMC9023869

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.