Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35427490›Full record

Observational studyThe Lancet. Infectious diseases2022

Effectiveness of a serogroup B outer membrane vesicle meningococcal vaccine against gonorrhoea: a retrospective observational study.

Winston E Abara, Kyle T Bernstein, Felicia M T Lewis, Julia A Schillinger, Kristen Feemster, Preeti Pathela, Susan Hariri, Aras Islam, Michael Eberhart, Iris Cheng and 5 more

Registry-linked trialOpen access · greenAbstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in The Lancet. Infectious diseases, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07758972 (A First in Human Phase I Randomized and Controlled Trial to Test Safety and Immunogenicity of a Multivalent Vaccine Against Neisseria Gonorrhoeae), which is not on this map. Cited by 83 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
83citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
19.0field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07758972 phase1recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

A First in Human Phase I Randomized and Controlled Trial to Test Safety and Immunogenicity of a Multivalent Vaccine Against Neisseria Gonorrhoeae

TypeinterventionalSponsorLimmaTech Biologics AGRan2026 to 2027Enrolled142ConditionsNeisseria GonorrheaArmsLTB-NG6, Sodium Chloride 0.9%
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

83 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 146 citations in OpenAlex.

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  17. Frontiers in microbiology · 2026
    Review
  18. Discovery and characterization of an anti-Frontiers in microbiology · 2026
    Article
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  20. Review

23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Winston E AbaraDivision of STD Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. Electronic address: winston_abara@yahoo.com.
Kyle T BernsteinDivision of STD Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Felicia M T LewisDivision of STD Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA; Philadelphia Department of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Julia A SchillingerDivision of STD Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA; Bureau of STI, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York City, NY, USA.
Kristen FeemsterPhiladelphia Department of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Preeti PathelaBureau of STI, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York City, NY, USA.
Susan HaririDivision of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Aras IslamPhiladelphia Department of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Michael EberhartPhiladelphia Department of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Iris ChengBureau of Immunization, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York City, NY, USA.
Alexandra TernierBureau of Immunization, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York City, NY, USA.
Jennifer Sanderson SlutskerBureau of STI, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York City, NY, USA.
Sarah MbaeyiDivision of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Robbie MaderaDivision of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Robert D KirkcaldyDivision of STD Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention · USNew York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene · USPhiladelphia Department of Public Health · US

Funding

Intramural CDC HHS CC999999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDeclining antimicrobial susceptibility to current gonorrhoea antibiotic treatment and inadequate treatment options have raised the possibility of untreatable gonorrhoea. New prevention approaches, such as vaccination, are needed. Outer membrane vesicle meningococcal serogroup B vaccines might be protective against gonorrhoea. We evaluated the effectiveness of a serogroup B meningococcal outer membrane vesicle vaccine (MenB-4C) against gonorrhoea in individuals aged 16-23 years in two US cities.

methodsWe identified laboratory-confirmed gonorrhoea and chlamydia infections among individuals aged 16-23 years from sexually transmitted infection surveillance records in New York City and Philadelphia from 2016 to 2018. We linked gonorrhoea and chlamydia case records to immunisation registry records to determine MenB-4C vaccination status at infection, defined as complete vaccination (two MenB-4C doses administered 30-180 days apart), partial vaccination (single MenB-4C vaccine dose), or no vaccination (serogroup B meningococcal vaccine naive). Using log-binomial regression with generalised estimating equations to account for correlations between multiple infections per patient, we calculated adjusted prevalence ratios (APR) and 95% CIs to determine if vaccination was protective against gonorrhoea. We used individual-level data for descriptive analyses and infection-level data for regression analyses.

findingsBetween Jan 1, 2016, and Dec 31, 2018, we identified 167 706 infections (18 099 gonococcal infections, 124 876 chlamydial infections, and 24 731 gonococcal and chlamydial co-infections) among 109 737 individuals linked to the immunisation registries. 7692 individuals were vaccinated, of whom 4032 (52·4%) had received one dose, 3596 (46·7%) two doses, and 64 (<1·0%) at least three doses. Compared with no vaccination, complete vaccination series (APR 0·60, 95% CI 0·47-0·77; p<0·0001) and partial vaccination series (0·74, 0·63-0·88; p=0·0012) were protective against gonorrhoea. Complete MenB-4C vaccination series was 40% (95% CI 23-53) effective against gonorrhoea and partial MenB-4C vaccination series was 26% (12-37) effective.

interpretationMenB-4C vaccination was associated with a reduced gonorrhoea prevalence. MenB-4C could offer cross-protection against Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Development of an effective gonococcal vaccine might be feasible with implications for gonorrhoea prevention and control.

fundingNone.

Indexed as

Chlamydia InfectionsGonorrheaMeningococcal InfectionsMeningococcal VaccinesNeisseria meningitidis, Serogroup BHumansNeisseria gonorrhoeaeSerogroupVaccinationMeningococcal Vaccines

Identifiers

PMID35427490
PMCPMC10227473
OpenAlexW4223583986

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.