Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35426539›Full record

ArticleInflammopharmacology2022

Methotrexate-loaded biodegradable nanoparticles exert anti-arthritic effect by downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines in Freund's complete adjuvant-induced arthritic rats.

Muhammad Usman Saleem, Faqir Muhammad, Ali Sharif, Muhammad Imran Arshad, Kanwal Akhtar, Yasir Javed, Bushra Akhtar

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Article in Inflammopharmacology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Muhammad Usman SaleemInstitute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Faqir MuhammadInstitute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Ali SharifInstitute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan.
Muhammad Imran ArshadInstitute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Kanwal AkhtarDepartment of Physics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Yasir JavedDepartment of Physics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Bushra AkhtarDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Bushra.akhtar@uaf.edu.pk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8380-7827

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Methotrexate (MTX), the first-line drug for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), can cause considerable toxicity, which limits effective dosage regimens. Moreover, it has rapid clearance, which leads to poor patient compliance. To mitigate such challenges, this study aimed to validate the use of MTX-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (NPs) in treating Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) arthritis in rats. Healthy Wistar rats (n = 30) were divided into five groups. The first group served as healthy control, while the second group served as arthritic control. Group 3 was administered methotrexate, while groups 4 and 5 were MTX-loaded NP-treated groups. NPs were prepared by solvent evaporation method and characterized by zeta size, potential, polydispersity index (PDI), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. NPs were 190 nm in size, and PDI was 0.25, confirming the uniform distribution of NPs. A significant increase in paw thickness was noted up to the 21st day of the study, which was reversed by a high dose of MTX-loaded NPs. MTX NPs significantly reduced the level of pro-inflammatory markers, including TNF-α and IL-6, along with improving control of oxidative stress biomarkers. The findings of biochemical, haematological, radiological, and histopathological investigations further confirmed amelioration of necrosis and cellular infiltration. It can be concluded that MTX-loaded chitosan NPs are promising candidates for treating FCA-induced arthritis in a rat model.

Indexed as

Arthritis, ExperimentalChitosanNanoparticlesAnimalsCytokinesFreund's AdjuvantMethotrexateRatsRats, WistarChitosanCytokinesFreund's AdjuvantMethotrexateArthritisChitosanOxidative stressPaw edemaPro-inflammatory cytokines

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.