ArticleThe Journal of clinical investigation2022
Bacteria may be in the liver, but the jury is still out.
Article in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Acute liver injury is triggered by dysbiosis and microbial translocation involving gut-liver axis.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- Underexplored maternal microbiomes: immune, metabolic, and microbial pathways shaping pregnancy outcomes.Infection and immunity · 2026Review
- Invariant Natural Killer T lymphocytes as natural sensors for microbes: a two-edged sword in liver diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Comprehensive analysis of the effects of high stocking density stress on broiler health.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Review
- Machine learning models reveal microbial signatures in healthy human tissues, challenging the sterility of human organs.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Getting off tract: contributions of intraorgan microbiota to cancer in extraintestinal organs.Gut · 2023Review
- Is there a placental microbiota? A critical review and re-analysis of published placental microbiota datasets.BMC microbiology · 2023Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
A fundamental and highly contested issue in microbiome research is whether internal organs such as the liver, brain, placenta, pancreas, and others are sterile and privileged or harbor a detectable and functional microbial biomass. In this issue of the JCI, Leinwand, Paul, et al. addressed this question using an array of diverse techniques and reported that normal healthy liver possesses a microbiome that is selectively recruited from the gut. They further showed that liver-enriched microbes contributed to shaping the immune network of this organ. Here, we attempt to put their findings into the context of other organs, discuss the technical challenges of defining such microbial communities, and provide some perspective about the road ahead for the field.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.