ReviewInternational journal of cosmetic science2022
Facial skin ageing: Key concepts and overview of processes.
Review in International journal of cosmetic science, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 85 citations in OpenAlex.
- Radiofrequency for the Treatment of Facial Ligament Laxity: A Split-face Controlled Exploratory Study.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2026Article
- Comparing Deep Plane and Superficial Musculoaponeurotic System Facelifts Using Artificial Intelligence-Based Age Estimation.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2026Article
- Dual-depth 25-pin insulated microneedle radiofrequency for moderate-to-severe periorbital wrinkles.Lasers in medical science · 2026Observational
- Article
- Dietary Collagen Supplementation as a Strategy for Skin Health: A Narrative Review of Clinical Effects on Skin, Hair, Nails, and Wound Healing.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Accuracy of Descriptive and Illustrative Capacity of Generative Artificial Intelligence in Aesthetic Surgery: A Study of Accelerated Facial Aging in Depressed Medical Residents.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2026Article
- Article
- [Effects of glutathione on acute cutaneous photodamage in mice and its mechanism].Zhonghua shao shang yu chuang mian xiu fu za zhi · 2026Article
- Fibroblast-derived matrix human skin equivalents reveal distinct roles for papillary and reticular fibroblasts in human skin barrier integrity and aging.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Antioxidative and chaperone-like activities of a bacterioruberin-rich extract: An innovative approach to protect the skin proteome.International journal of cosmetic science · 2026Article
- Bridging Psychological Stress and Skin Cellular Aging: Flavonoids as a Dual-Action Therapeutic Strategy.Phytotherapy research : PTR · 2026Review
- A Novel Three-Step Collagen-Augmented Periorbital Comprehensive Treatment: Raise, Enhancement, and Depigmentation.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2026Article
- Bacterial porphyrins in healthy skin: Microbiota components impact melanogenesis and age-related processes leading to Porphyr'ageing.International journal of cosmetic science · 2026Article
- Article
- Nanoparticles as a Promising Approach for Improving Skin Anti-Aging Activity.Nanotechnology, science and applications · 2026Review
- Comparison of the efficacy and safety of 755-nm picosecond alexandrite laser with diffractive lens array vs. fractional microneedle radiofrequency for the treatment of facial photoaging: a retrospective study.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- L-Theanine mitigates skin aging in rats via modulation of the AGEs-RAGE pathway, enhancement of antioxidant defense, and attenuation of inflammation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- A comprehensive model for characterizing Chinese female facial skin laxity by expert assessment, consumer perception, and noninvasive skin physiological parameters.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The Whys and Hows of Aesthetic Medicine: Anamnesis, Skin Assessment and Instrumental Evaluation by A Specific, Update Protocol (Mediskin Check-Up).Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2025Review
- Evaluation of Bio-Stimulation Effects of Various Dermal Fillers: Hyaluronic Acid-Based Polynucleotides and Microparticle Fillers in Mouse Model.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThe face is a cosmetically sensitive region where the process of ageing is most clearly manifested. With increased focus on anti-ageing and longevity, more anti-senescent treatments are being proposed despite limited evidence. This study outlines the pathways and mechanisms underpinning the biological process of ageing in the face.
methodsComprehensive searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and CINAHL from inception to 2020. Inclusion criteria included all empirical human research studies specific to facial ageing features, written in the English language.
resultsA total of 65 papers met inclusion criteria for analysis. Pathways were subdivided into intrinsic and extrinsic senescence mechanisms. Intrinsic pathways included genetics, generation of reactive oxygen species and hormonal changes. Extrinsic pathways included photoageing and damage to skin layers. The combined intrinsic and extrinsic pathway alterations result in wrinkles, higher laxity, slackness and thinning of the skin. Skin functions such as barrier immune function, wound healing, thermoregulation and sensory function are also impaired.
conclusionThe ageing process is unique to the individual and depends on the interplay between an individual's genetics and external environmental factors. Through understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms, an appreciation of the consequent structural and functional changes can be achieved. Based on this knowledge, further research can focus on how to slow or impede the ageing process and identify specific targets to develop and evolve new treatment strategies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.