ArticleFrontiers in medicine2022
Hyperinflammatory State and Low T1 Adaptive Immune Response in Severe and Critical Acute COVID-19 Patients.
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Associations of Iron Related Biomarkers with Risk, Clinical Severity and Mortality in SARS-CoV-2 Patients: A Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2022Pooled it
- FGL-1 plasma levels correlate with markers of inflammation and severe disease during SARS-CoV-2 infection.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Immune Dysregulation and Persistent Symptoms: Insights into T Cell Dynamics in Post-COVID among Athletes from the CoSmo-S Study.Journal of clinical immunology · 2026Article
- Article
- Development and validation of nomogram models for severe and fatal COVID-19.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Potential therapeutic targets for COVID-19 complicated with pulmonary hypertension: a bioinformatics and early validation study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Incidence of new-onset hypertension before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic: a 7-year longitudinal cohort study in a large population.BMC medicine · 2024Article
- The effects of iron deficient and high iron diets on SARS-CoV-2 lung infection and disease.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Regulatory T Cells (Tregs) and COVID-19: Unveiling the Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Potentialities with a Special Focus on Long COVID.Vaccines · 2023Review
- Zymosan Particle-Induced Hemodynamic, Cytokine and Blood Cell Changes in Pigs: An Innate Immune Stimulation Model with Relevance to Cytokine Storm Syndrome and Severe COVID-19.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Correlations of Long COVID Symptoms and Inflammatory Markers of Complete Blood Count (CBC): A Cross-sectional Study.Journal of community hospital internal medicine perspectives · 2023Article
- Review of Medical Studies on COVID-19 During the Pandemic Period.The Eurasian journal of medicine · 2022Article
- A scoping review of regulatory T cell dynamics in convalescent COVID-19 patients - indications for their potential involvement in the development of Long COVID?Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: A better understanding of COVID-19 immunopathology is needed to identify the most vulnerable patients and improve treatment options. Objective: We aimed to identify immune system cell populations, cytokines, and inflammatory markers related to severity in COVID-19. Methods: 139 hospitalized patients with COVID-19-58 mild/moderate and 81 severe/critical-and 74 recovered patients were included in a prospective longitudinal study. Clinical data and blood samples were obtained on admission for laboratory markers, cytokines, and lymphocyte subsets study. In the recovered patients, lymphocyte subsets were analyzed 8-12 weeks after discharge. Results: A National Early Warning Score 2 >2 (OR:41.4; CI:10.38-167.0), ferritin >583 pg/mL (OR:16.3; CI: 3.88-69.9), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio >3 (OR: 3.5; CI: 1.08-12.0), sIL-2rα (sCD25) >512 pg/mL (OR: 3.3; CI: 1.48-7.9), IL-1Ra >94 pg/mL (OR: 3.2; IC: 1.4-7.3), and IL-18 >125 pg/mL (OR: 2.4; CI: 1.1-5.0) were associated with severe/critical COVID-19 in the multivariate models used. Lower absolute values of CD3, CD4, CD8, and CD19 lymphocytes together with higher frequencies of NK cells, a CD4 and CD8 activated (CD38+HLA-DR+) memory T cell and effector memory CD45RA+ (EMRA) phenotype, and lower T regulatory cell frequencies were found in severe/critical patients relative to mild/moderate and recovered COVID-19 patients. A significant reduction in Th1, Tfh1, and Tc1 with higher Th2, Tfh2, Tc2, and plasma cell frequencies was found in the most severe cases. Conclusion: A characteristic hyperinflammatory state with significantly elevated neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and ferritin, IL-1Ra, sIL-2rα, and IL-18 levels together with a "low T1 lymphocyte signature" was found in severe/critical COVID-19 patients.
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