ArticleRSC advances2022
Detection of free chlorine in water using graphene-like carbon based chemiresistive sensors.
Article in RSC advances, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Materials challenges in solid-state sensors for continuous monitoring of ions in water.Beilstein journal of nanotechnology · 2026Review
- Optimization of Carbon Nanotube Percolation Networks for Broad Dynamic Range Detection of Permanganate in Water.The journal of physical chemistry. C, Nanomaterials and interfaces · 2025Article
- Long-term performance of low-cost free chlorine sensors to monitor on-site water reuse.Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research · 2025Article
- Continuous Monitoring of Monochloramine in Water, and Its Distinction from Free Chlorine and Dichloramine Using a Functionalized Graphene-Based Array of Chemiresistors.ACS ES&T water · 2024Article
- Graphene-Based Chemiresistor Sensors for Drinking Water Quality Monitoring.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Identification and Quantification of Aqueous Disinfectants Using an Array of Carbon Nanotube-Based Chemiresistors.ACS applied engineering materials · 2023Article
- Defect Density-Dependent pH Response of Graphene Derivatives: Towards the Development of pH-Sensitive Graphene Oxide Devices.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Free chlorine is the most commonly used water disinfectant. Measuring its concentration during and after water treatment is crucial to ensure its effectiveness. However, many of the existing methods do not allow for continuous on-line monitoring. Here we demonstrate a solid state chemiresistive sensor using graphene-like carbon (GLC) that overcomes that issue. GLC films that were either bare or non-covalently functionalized with the redox-active phenyl-capped aniline tetramer (PCAT) were successfully employed to quantify aqueous free chlorine, although functionalized devices showed better performance. The response of the sensors to increasing concentrations of free chlorine followed a Langmuir adsorption isotherm in the two tested ranges: 0.01-0.2 ppm and 0.2-1.4 ppm. The limit of detection was estimated to be 1 ppb, permitting the detection of breaches in chlorine filters. The devices respond to decreasing levels of free chlorine without the need for a reset, allowing for the continuous monitoring of fluctuations in the concentration. The maximum sensor response and saturation concentration were found to depend on the thickness of the GLC film. Hence, the sensitivity and dynamic range of the sensors can be tailored to different applications by adjusting the thickness of the films. Tap water samples from a residential area were tested using these sensors, which showed good agreement with standard colorimetric measurement methods. The devices did not suffer from interferences in the presence of ions commonly found in drinking water. Overall, these sensors are a cost-effective option for the continuous automated monitoring of free chlorine in drinking water.
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