Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35423276›Full record

ArticleRSC advances2021

Fabrication and characterization of 3D printable nanocellulose-based hydrogels for tissue engineering.

Dinesh K Patel, Sayan Deb Dutta, Woo-Chul Shin, Keya Ganguly, Ki-Taek Lim

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in RSC advances, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Role of cellulose and its derivatives for 3D printing of bone tissue scaffolds.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Cellulose Nanocrystal (CNC) Gels: A Review.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023
    Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Dinesh K PatelDepartment of Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Forest Sciences, Kangwon National University Chuncheon-24341 Republic of Korea ktlim@kangwon.ac.kr.
Sayan Deb DuttaDepartment of Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Forest Sciences, Kangwon National University Chuncheon-24341 Republic of Korea ktlim@kangwon.ac.kr.
Woo-Chul ShinDepartment of Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Forest Sciences, Kangwon National University Chuncheon-24341 Republic of Korea ktlim@kangwon.ac.kr.
Keya GangulyDepartment of Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Forest Sciences, Kangwon National University Chuncheon-24341 Republic of Korea ktlim@kangwon.ac.kr.
Ki-Taek LimDepartment of Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Forest Sciences, Kangwon National University Chuncheon-24341 Republic of Korea ktlim@kangwon.ac.kr.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2091-788X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cellulose nanocrystal (CNC)-based hydrogels are considered attractive biomaterials for tissue engineering due to their excellent physicochemical properties. Hydrogels of alginate and gelatin were prepared with or without CNCs and printed using a CELLINK® BIOX 3D bio-printer. The 3D-printed scaffolds were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Improved mechanical strength was observed in the composite scaffolds compared to the pure polymer scaffolds. Fabricated scaffolds exhibited superior swelling potential; this property is profoundly affected by the CNC content of hydrogels. Biocompatibility of the fabricated scaffolds was monitored in the presence of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) using the WST-1 assay. Notably, better cell viability was observed in the composite scaffolds than in the control, indicating improved biocompatibility of composites. Cells were healthy and adhered appropriately to the surface of the scaffolds. Mineralization potential of the prepared scaffolds was evaluated by the alizarin red S (ARS) staining technique in the presence of hBMSCs after 7 and 14 days of treatment. Enhanced mineral deposition was observed in the composite scaffolds compared to the control, indicating superior composite mineralization potential. Upregulation of osteogenic-associated genes was observed in the scaffold-treated groups relative to the control, showing superior scaffold osteogenic potential. These results demonstrate that 3D-printed scaffolds are potential candidates for bone tissue engineering applications.

Identifiers

PMID35423276
PMCPMC8695076

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.