ArticleFrontiers in immunology2022
Both Natural and Induced Anti-Sda Antibodies Play Important Roles in GTKO Pig-to-Rhesus Monkey Xenotransplantation.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Influential factors of benefit finding in hemodialysis patients: a qualitative study using the social-ecological model.BMC nephrology · 2026Article
- Brain-dead humans as preclinical reference models for xenotransfusion: bridging nonhuman primates and clinical applications throughFrontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Nanotechnology-Driven Precision Modulation of Transplant Immunity: From Mechanistic Insights to Clinical Tolerance.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Evaluation of primate anti-pig xenoreactive immune responses using immortalized aortic endothelial cells from genetically modified pigs.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Modern xenotransplantation: rewiring glycan-mediated immunogenicity via genome-glycome convergence.EBioMedicine · 2026Review
- Neu5Gc and beyond: sialylation at the innate immune and thromboinflammatory interface of xenotransplantation.Frontiers in transplantation · 2026Review
- Plasma exchange and intravenous immunoglobulin prolonged the survival of a porcine kidney xenograft in a sensitized, brain-dead human recipient.Chinese medical journal · 2025Article
- Addressing glycan and hematological barriers in pig-to-nonhuman primate liver xenotransplantation: challenges and future directions.Clinical transplantation and research · 2025Review
- Antibodies to unknown antigens other than swine leukocyte antigens on GTKO/β4GalNT2KO pig cells are associated with AHXR after pig-to-rhesus monkey kidney transplantation.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Pig-to-human kidney xenotransplants using genetically modified minipigs.Cell reports. Medicine · 2024Article
- Immunoprotection Strategies in β-Cell Replacement Therapy: A Closer Look at Porcine Islet Xenotransplantation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Review
- The generation and evaluation of TKO/hCD55/hTM/hEPCR gene-modified pigs for clinical organ xenotransplantation.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Immunogenicity of decellularized extracellular matrix scaffolds: a bottleneck in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.Biomaterials research · 2023Review
- The story of the SdGlycoconjugate journal · 2023Review
- Developments in kidney xenotransplantation.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Review
- Antibody-mediated rejection in xenotransplantation: Can it be prevented or reversed?XenotransplantationReview
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Sda, produced by the B4GALNT2 enzyme, has been recognized as an important xenoantigen for pig-to-nonhuman primate xenotransplantation. However, little is known about Sda expression in pigs and its immunogenicity in xenotransplantation. In this study, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from wildtype, GTKO (with high, moderate, and low Sda expression), GTKO/β4GalNT2KO, GTKO/CMAHKO, or GTKO/CMAHKO/β4GalNT2KO pigs. Anti-pig IgM/IgG binding and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) to pig PBMCs was measured by flow cytometry using pooled rhesus monkey sera (n=20) or human sera (n=20). As compared to wild-type pigs (n=12), GTKO pigs (n=17) had a significantly higher mean level of Sda expression on PBMCs and showed a greater individual difference in expression. Both the overall binding of monkey serum IgM/IgG antibody to GTKO pig PBMCs and CDC against these PBMCs decreased significantly with a progressive reduction in Sda expression, showing a clear dose-effect relationship. Both the monkey serum antibody binding and CDC decreased significantly after the additional deletion of Sda, whereas the binding of human serum antibody and CDC against the GTKO pig PBMCs were markedly reduced after the deletion of Neu5Gc in the pigs. In addition, anti-Sda antibody accounted for > 50% of the induced anti-non-Gal antibody at the time of rejection in two rhesus monkeys that received GTKO/hCD55 pig kidney xenotransplantation, and the anti-Sda antibody showed significant cytotoxic activity against GTKO pig cells. We conclude that both natural and induced anti-Sda antibodies play important roles in GTKO pig-to-rhesus monkey xenotransplantation, thus providing further evidence for GTKO/β4GalNT2KO pigs as the preferred organ source for rhesus monkeys as a preclinical model of xenotransplantation.
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