ArticleEconomia politica (Bologna, Italy)2022
Sex-disaggregated data matters: tracking the impact of COVID-19 on the health of women and men.
Article in Economia politica (Bologna, Italy), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- An approach to assess the impact of measures mitigating burden associated with COVID-19 in Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia).Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Electrophysiological and Molecular Features of Remdesivir-Induced Cardiac Toxicity in Male and Female Guinea Pigs.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Understanding sex and gender disparities in COVID-19 mortality: a narrative review beyond biology.Biology of sex differences · 2025Review
- Why gender and sex matter in infectious disease modelling: A conceptual framework.SSM - population health · 2025Article
- Beyond COVID-19, the case for collecting, analysing and using sex-disaggregated data and gendered data to inform outbreak response: a scoping review.BMJ global health · 2025Article
- Low vitamin K status is a potential risk factor for COVID-19 infected patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
- Examining gender as an issue of policy priority: a case study of four Kenyan health policy implementation strategies.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Examining self-described policy-relevant evidence base for policymaking: an evidence map of COVID-19 literature.BMJ public health · 2024Article
- Sex Differences in Long-Term Cardiovascular Outcomes and Mortality After COVID-19 Hospitalization During Alpha, Delta and Omicron Waves.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Differences across the lifespan between females and males in the top 20 causes of disease burden globally: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.The Lancet. Public health · 2024Article
- Gender/Sex Disparities in the COVID-19 Cascade From Testing to Mortality: An Intersectional Analysis of Swiss Surveillance Data.International journal of public health · 2024Article
- Review
- Article
- A shared agenda for gender and COVID-19 research: priorities based on broadening engagement in science.BMJ global health · 2023Review
- Cohort Profile: Real-Time Insights of COVID-19 in India (RTI COVID-India).BMC public health · 2023Article
- Enabling data sharing and utilization for African population health data using OHDSI tools with an OMOP-common data model.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Factors Modulating COVID-19: A Mechanistic Understanding Based on the Adverse Outcome Pathway Framework.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Sex and gender matter to health outcomes, but despite repeated commitments to sex-disaggregate data in health policies and programmes, a persistent and substantial absence of such data remains especially in lower-income countries. This represents a missed opportunity for monitoring and identifying gender-responsive, evidence-informed solutions to address a key driver of the pandemic. In this paper we review the availability of national sex-disaggregated surveillance data on COVID-19 and examine trends on the testing-to-outcome pathway. We further analyse the availability of data according to the economic status of the country and investigate the determinants of sex differences, including the national gender inequality status (according to a global index) in each country. Results are drawn from 18 months of global data collection from over 200 countries. We find differences in COVID-19 prevention behaviours and illness outcomes by sex, with lower uptake of vaccination and testing plus an elevated risk of severe disease and death among men. Supporting and maintaining the collection, collation, interpretation and presentation of sex-disaggregated data requires commitment and resources at subnational, national and global levels, but provides an opportunity for identifying and taking gender-responsive action on health inequities. As a first step the global health community should recognise, value and support the importance of sex-disaggregated data for identifying and tackling an inequitable pandemic.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.