Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35421265›Full record

ArticleClinical psychology & psychotherapy2022

Common measures or common metrics? A plea to harmonize measurement results.

Edwin de Beurs, Jan R Boehnke, Eiko I Fried

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical psychology & psychotherapy, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
29citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Revictimisation Across Types of Interpersonal Violence: A Meta-Regression Analysis of PTSD and Associated Factors.Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Edwin de BeursDepartment of Clinical Psychology, Leiden University & Arkin GGZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3832-8477
Jan R BoehnkeSchool of Health Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0249-1870
Eiko I FriedDepartment of Clinical Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7469-594X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThere is a great variety of measurement instruments to assess similar constructs in clinical research and practice. This complicates the interpretation of test results and hampers the implementation of measurement-based care.

methodFor reporting and discussing test results with patients, we suggest converting test results into universally applicable common metrics. Two well-established metrics are reviewed: T scores and percentile ranks. Their calculation is explained, their merits and drawbacks are discussed, and recommendations for the most convenient reference group are provided.

resultsWe propose to express test results as T scores with the general population as reference group. To elucidate test results to patients, T scores may be supplemented with percentile ranks, based on data from a clinical sample. The practical benefits are demonstrated using the published data of four frequently used instruments for measuring depression: the CES-D, PHQ-9, BDI-II and the PROMIS depression measure. DISCUSSION: Recent initiatives have proposed to mandate a limited set of outcome measures to harmonize clinical measurement. However, the selected instruments are not without flaws and, potentially, this directive may hamper future instrument development. We recommend using common metrics as an alternative approach to harmonize test results in clinical practice, as this will facilitate the integration of measures in day-to-day practice.

Indexed as

Depressive DisorderBenchmarkingDepressionHumansPsychometricsReproducibility of Resultscommon metricsdepressionpercentile rankself-report measurestest resultT score

Identifiers

PMID35421265
PMCPMC9796399

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.