SynthesisPloS one2022
Retinal biomarkers of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: A systematic review.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between retinal microvascular pathology and lacunar infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International ophthalmology · 2026Pooled it
- Retinal Optical Coherence Tomography-Angiography and Longitudinal Changes in Cognition and Cerebral Small Vessel Disease.Neurology · 2026Article
- Retinal Vessel Traits and the Development of Balance Impairment: The Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Clinical and optical coherence tomography angiography-based risk factors for reduced retinal sensitivity in diabetic macular edema.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- Retinal imaging for cerebrovascular risk stratification: evidence, limitations, and practical thresholds for the ophthalmologist.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Review
- Choroidal Changes in Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy Studied by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography.Translational stroke research · 2026Article
- Differentiating Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia via combined OCT and OCT‑angiography analysis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Retinal Vessel Dysfunction in Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy With Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy: An Ultra-Widefield Fluorescein Angiography Study.Neurology open access · 2026Article
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: Clinical Features, Neuropathology, and Biomarkers.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2026Review
- Occupational dust exposure and cerebral small vessel disease: a public health perspective on prevention and early detection.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Comparison of the additive value of blood-based and retinal biomarkers to clinical features in predicting cognitive decline.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Brain and retina in Alzheimer's disease: Pathological intersections and estimates from imaging.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Review
- The Mechanisms of Inflammatory Factors and the Total Load of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease in Diabetic Retinopathy and Cognitive Impairment.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2025Article
- Stroke-Induced Retinal Dysfunction: Mechanisms, Diagnostics, and Future Directions.Aging and disease · 2025Review
- Exploring Endothelial Cell Dysfunction's Impact on the Brain-Retina Microenvironment Connection: Molecular Mechanisms and Implications.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Perifoveal Choriocapillaris Flow Deficits Associated With Cerebrospinal Fluid Aβ42/tau in Presymptomatic Alzheimer's Disease.Translational vision science & technology · 2025Article
- A deep-learning retinal aging biomarker for cognitive decline and incident dementia.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Reduced retinal microvascular density in women with coronary microvascular dysfunction: A pilot study.American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice · 2025Article
- Retinal vascular geometry and its association to silent brain infarction.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionCerebral Small Vessel Disease (CSVD), a progressive degenerative disorder of small caliber cerebral vessels, represents a major contributor to stroke and vascular dementia incidence worldwide. We sought to conduct a systematic review of the role of retinal biomarkers in diagnosis and characterization of CSVD.
methodsWe conducted a systematic review of MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, the Cochrane Library Database, and Web of Science. We identified studies of sporadic CSVD (including CSVD not otherwise specified, Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy, and Hypertensive Arteriopathy) and the most common familial CSVD disorders (including CADASIL, Fabry disease, and MELAS). Included studies used one or more of the following tools: visual fields assessment, fundus photography, Optical Coherence Tomography and OCT Angiography, Fluorescein Angiography, Electroretinography, and Visual Evoked Potentials.
resultsWe identified 48 studies of retinal biomarkers in CSVD, including 9147 cases and 12276 controls. Abnormalities in retinal vessel diameter (11 reports, n = 11391 participants), increased retinal vessel tortuosity (11 reports, n = 617 participants), decreased vessel fractal dimension (5 reports, n = 1597 participants) and decreased retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (5 reports, n = 4509 participants) were the biomarkers most frequently associated with CSVD. We identified no reports conducting longitudinal retinal evaluations of CSVD, or systematically evaluating diagnostic performance.
conclusionMultiple retinal biomarkers were associated with CSVD or its validated neuroimaging biomarkers. However, existing evidence is limited by several shortcomings, chiefly small sample size and unstandardized approaches to both biomarkers' capture and CSVD characterization. Additional larger studies will be required to definitively determine whether retinal biomarkers could be successfully incorporated in future research efforts and clinical practice.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.