ArticlePloS one2022
Analysis and differentiation of tobacco-derived and synthetic nicotine products: Addressing an urgent regulatory issue.
Article in PloS one, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Treatment of Nicotine Use in Adolescents Under 18 Years of Age: An Official American Thoracic Society Clinical Practice Guideline.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2025Guideline
- A Systematic Review of Analytical Methods for the Separation of Nicotine Enantiomers and Evaluation of Nicotine Sources.Chemical research in toxicology · 2023Pooled it
- Trends in product characteristics of disposable e-cigarettes sold by US online stores between 2022 and 2024.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026Article
- Nicotine pouch pharmacokinetics compared to smoked tobacco: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2025Review
- Oral nicotine pouch manufacturer's reduced exposure claims require evidence and regulatory oversight.Tobacco control · 2025Article
- On the Influence of Additives and Modifiers on the Chiral HPLC Separation of the Enantiomers of Nicotine.Chirality · 2025Article
- Disparities in Tobacco use and cravings among sexual and gender minority adolescents in the United States.Preventive medicine reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Reliable biological indicator identification and evaluation of tobacco-derived nicotine using an ultra-sensitive gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2024Article
- Tobacco-derived and tobacco-free nicotine cause differential inflammatory cell influx and MMP-9 in mouse lung.Respiratory research · 2024Article
- Comparison of genotoxic impurities in extracted nicotine vs. synthetic nicotine.Frontiers in chemistry · 2024Article
- Tobacco-Derived and Tobacco-Free Nicotine cause differential inflammatory cell influx and MMP9 in mouse lung.Research square · 2023Article
- Synthetic nicotine e-liquids sold in US online vape shops.Preventive medicine reports · 2023Article
- Classification, Perception, and Toxicity of Emerging Flavored Oral Nicotine Pouches.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Review
- Synthetic Nicotine: Science, Global Legal Landscape, and Regulatory Considerations.World Health Organization technical report series · 2023Article
- Emerging Oral Nicotine Products and Periodontal Diseases.International journal of dentistry · 2023Review
- Article
- Adolescents, Young Adults, and Adults Continue to Use E-Cigarette Devices and Flavors Two Years after FDA Discretionary Enforcement.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
There is significant regulatory and economic need to distinguish analytically between tobacco-derived nicotine (TDN) and synthetic nicotine (SyN) in commercial products. Currently, commercial e-liquid and oral pouch products are available that contain tobacco-free nicotine, which could be either extracted from tobacco or synthesized. While tobacco products that contain TDN are regulated by FDA Center for Tobacco Products, those with SyN are currently not in the domain of any regulatory authority. This regulatory difference provides an economic incentive to use or claim the use of SyN to remain on the market without submitting a Premarket Tobacco Product Application. TDN is ~99.3% (S)-nicotine, whereas SyN can vary from racemic (50/50 (R)/(S)) to ≥ 99% (S)-nicotine, i.e., chemically identical to the tobacco-derived compound. Here we report efforts to distinguish between TDN and SyN in various samples by characterizing impurities, (R)/(S)-nicotine enantiomer ratio, (R)/(S)-nornicotine enantiomer ratio, and carbon-14 (14C) content. Only 14C analysis accurately and precisely differentiated TDN (100% 14C) from SyN (35-38% 14C) in all samples tested. 14C quantitation of nicotine samples by accelerator mass spectrometry is a reliable determinate of nicotine source and can be used to identify misbranded product labelled as containing SyN. This is the first report to distinguish natural, bio-based nicotine from synthetic, petroleum-based nicotine across a range of pure nicotine samples and commercial e-liquid products.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.