ArticleJournal of clinical immunology2022
SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Responses in Individuals with Antibody Deficiency: Findings from the COV-AD Study.
Article in Journal of clinical immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Extensive evolution and T cell escape by SARS-CoV-2 in a 2.5-year persistent infection of an immunocompromised host.iScience · 2026Article
- Epidemiological and economic impact of pre-exposure prophylaxis with targeted immunotherapies for COVID-19 among immunosuppressed patients in Argentina.Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E · 2026Article
- BAFF-R expression as a potential biomarker associated with COVID-19 vaccine non-responsiveness in antibody-deficient patients.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2026Article
- Learning from inborn errors of immunity and secondary immune deficiencies about vaccine immunogenicity, efficacy, and safety.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2025Review
- Serum sBCMA in primary and secondary antibody deficiency.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2025Article
- Impact of CMV latency on T-cell responses to COVID-19 vaccination among predominantly antibody-deficient patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Secondary antibody deficiencies: what's around the corner?Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Protecting children and adults with primary antibody deficiencies against common and emergent pathogens and non-infectious complications.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2024Review
- Prevalence of Anti-InterferonJournal of clinical immunology · 2024Article
- An Overview of the Strategies to Boost SARS-CoV-2-Specific Immunity in People with Inborn Errors of Immunity.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Immunogenicity of COVID-19 booster vaccination in IEI patients and their one year clinical follow-up after start of the COVID-19 vaccination program.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Impact of Exposure to Vaccination and Infection on Cellular and Antibody Response to SARS-CoV-2 in CVID Patients Through COVID-19 Pandemic.Journal of clinical immunology · 2023Article
- Article
- Characterization of the antispike IgG immune response to COVID-19 vaccines in people with a wide variety of immunodeficiencies.Science advances · 2023Article
- Commercial Immunoglobulin Products Contain Neutralizing Antibodies Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Spike Protein.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Article
- Clinical and immunological outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with inborn errors of immunity receiving different brands and doses of COVID-19 vaccines.Tuberkuloz ve toraks · 2023Article
- Article
- Immune Responses 6 Months After mRNA-1273 COVID-19 Vaccination and the Effect of a Third Vaccination in Patients with Inborn Errors of Immunity.Journal of clinical immunology · 2023Article
- Impaired B Cell Recall Memory and Reduced Antibody Avidity but Robust T Cell Response in CVID Patients After COVID-19 Vaccination.Journal of clinical immunology · 2023Article
- Validation of dried blood spot sampling for detecting SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and total immunoglobulins in a large cohort of asymptomatic young adults.Journal of immunological methods · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
26 authors at 12 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundVaccination prevents severe morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 in the general population. The immunogenicity and efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in patients with antibody deficiency is poorly understood.
objectivesCOVID-19 in patients with antibody deficiency (COV-AD) is a multi-site UK study that aims to determine the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination in patients with primary or secondary antibody deficiency, a population that suffers from severe and recurrent infection and does not respond well to vaccination.
methodsIndividuals on immunoglobulin replacement therapy or with an IgG less than 4 g/L receiving antibiotic prophylaxis were recruited from April 2021. Serological and cellular responses were determined using ELISA, live-virus neutralisation and interferon gamma release assays. SARS-CoV-2 infection and clearance were determined by PCR from serial nasopharyngeal swabs.
resultsA total of 5.6% (n = 320) of the cohort reported prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, but only 0.3% remained PCR positive on study entry. Seropositivity, following two doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, was 54.8% (n = 168) compared with 100% of healthy controls (n = 205). The magnitude of the antibody response and its neutralising capacity were both significantly reduced compared to controls. Participants vaccinated with the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine were more likely to be seropositive (65.7% vs. 48.0%, p = 0.03) and have higher antibody levels compared with the AstraZeneca vaccine (IgGAM ratio 3.73 vs. 2.39, p = 0.0003). T cell responses post vaccination was demonstrable in 46.2% of participants and were associated with better antibody responses but there was no difference between the two vaccines. Eleven vaccine-breakthrough infections have occurred to date, 10 of them in recipients of the AstraZeneca vaccine.
conclusionSARS-CoV-2 vaccines demonstrate reduced immunogenicity in patients with antibody deficiency with evidence of vaccine breakthrough infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.