SynthesisNeurocritical care2022
A Comparison Between Enteral and Intravenous Nimodipine in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in Neurocritical care, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Does duration of nimodipine therapy impact outcome in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: systematic review and meta-analysis.Neurosurgical review · 2025Pooled it
- Phase 1, randomized, crossover study comparing intravenous GTX-104 to oral nimodipine in healthy human subjects.PloS one · 2025Trial
- Evaluation of External Trigeminal Nerve Stimulation to Prevent Cerebral Vasospasm after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Due to Aneurysmal Rupture: A Randomized, Double-Blind Proof-of-Concept Pilot Trial (TRIVASOSTIM Study).International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Trial
- Oral Nimodipine in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Critical Propensity Score-Matched Reevaluation in a Contemporary Cohort.Neurology and therapy · 2026Article
- Article
- Unraveling NAGMA: A Case Series of Intravenous Nimodipine-Induced Metabolic Acidosis in Neuro-ICU Patients.Asian journal of neurosurgery · 2025Article
- Continuous Intravenous Nimodipine Infusion With Ethanol as Carrier in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Does Not Result in Measurable Cerebral Ethanol Levels.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2025Article
- Post-traumatic vasospasm: Epidemiology, specificities, risk factors, and therapeutics.Journal of intensive medicine · 2025Review
- Acute care of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: practical consensus statement from a multidisciplinary group of German-speaking neurointensivists and neuroradiologists on behalf of the DIVI neurology section.Neurological research and practice · 2025Article
- Comparative analysis of two standardised protocols for prevention of vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage: A retrospective pilot study.European journal of anaesthesiology and intensive care · 2025Article
- Nimodipine in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Are Old Data Enough to Justify Its Current Treatment Regimen?Neurocritical care · 2025Article
- Cerebral Ischemia Protection After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: CSF Nimodipine Levels After Intravenous Versus Oral Nimodipine Administration.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2025Article
- Nimodipine ameliorates subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced neuroinflammation and injury by protecting mitochondrial function and regulating autophagy.Human cell · 2025Article
- The Impact of Enteral Nimodipine on Endothelial Cell Apoptosis in an Animal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Model.Neurocritical care · 2024Article
- Ultrasound-Induced Release Profile of Nimodipine from Drug-Loaded Block Copolymers after Singular vs. Repeated Sonication: In Vitro Analysis in Artificial Cerebrospinal Fluid.Brain sciences · 2024Article
- Beyond nimodipine: advanced neuroprotection strategies for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia.Neurosurgical review · 2024Review
- Emerging Treatments for Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.CNS & neurological disorders drug targets · 2024Review
- Pharmacotherapy in SAH: Clinical Trial Lessons.CNS & neurological disorders drug targets · 2024Review
- Blood Pressure Changes in Association with Nimodipine Therapy in Patients with Spontaneous Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.Neurocritical care · 2023Observational
- A randomized, single ascending dose safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics study of NicaPlant® in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients undergoing clipping.Brain & spine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Our objective was to compare the effectiveness of intravenous and enteral nimodipine in preventing poor outcome from delayed cerebral ischemia in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. We performed a systematic search and a network meta-analysis using the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Google Scholar. Risk of Bias 2 tool was used to assess risk of bias of included studies. A ranking among methods was performed on the basis of the frequentist analog of the surface under the cumulative ranking curve. Published studies that met the following population, intervention, comparison, outcomes and study (PICOS) criteria were included: patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage aged 15 years or older (P); nimodipine, intravenous and oral formulation (I); placebo or no intervention (C); poor outcome measured at 3 months (defined as death, vegetative state, or severe disability), case fatality at 3 months, delayed cerebral ischemia, delayed ischaemic neurologic deficit, and vasospasm measured with transcranial Doppler or digital subtraction angiography (O); and randomized controlled trials (S). No language or publication date restrictions were applied. Ten studies were finally included, with a total of 1527 randomly assigned patients. Oral and intravenous nimodipine were both effective in preventing poor outcome, delayed cerebral ischemia, and delayed ischaemic neurological deficit. Neither treatment was effective in improving case fatality. Evolving clinical protocols over a 30-year period and the risk of bias of the included studies may limit the strength of our results. Enteral and intravenous nimodipine may have a similar effectiveness in terms of preventing poor outcome, delayed cerebral ischemia, and delayed ischaemic neurological deficit. More research may be needed to fully establish the role of intravenous nimodipine in current clinical practice.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.