Parenthood aspirations and understanding of factors that affect the chance of achieving them: A population survey.

Most women and men want and expect to have children. Parental age and some health behaviours affect fertility and the chance of conception. The aim of this study was to gauge people's parenthood aspirations and knowledge about the factors that affect their chance of achieving them. Members of an Australian probability-based online panel aged 18-45 years were invited to complete a survey with questions about parenthood goals and knowledge about factors known to affect fertility. Of the 965 eligible people, 716 (74.2%) completed the survey. Only 6% stated that they did not want biological children. Around one in 10 respondents had experienced infertility. Amongst respondents aged 35-45 years, almost one in five (18%) had experienced infertility. Overall, respondents reported high levels of confidence about their understanding of preventative measures associated with safe sex and avoiding unwanted pregnancies. However, confidence in understanding of factors affecting ability to conceive was lower. Almost one-third of respondents believed that female fertility starts to decline between the ages of 35 and 39 years, and another one-third of respondents believed that the decline starts at 40 years of age or later. One in four respondents believed that male fertility starts to decline at 50 years of age or later. Findings suggest that people of reproductive age in Australia have inadequate knowledge about the factors that affect the chance of achieving their parenthood goals. Fertility health education initiatives are needed to allow people to make informed decisions about childbearing, and reduce the risk of unfulfilled parenthood aspirations.