Observational studyScientific reports2022
Wearing face masks and possibility for dry eye during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Observational study in Scientific reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04744805 (Mask-associated Dry Eye Symptoms), which is not on this map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Mask-associated Dry Eye Symptoms: an Online Survey of 6262 Chinese Persons
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of dry eye during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
- Clinical efficacy of portable, cost-effective manual thermal pulsation for obstructive meibomian gland dysfunction and factors associated with therapeutic efficacy.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2026Trial
- Mask-associated dry eye disease following short-term facemask wear with or without nasal bridge taping among health workers at a Nigerian tertiary care facility: a cross-over randomized clinical trial.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Trial
- Prevalence of dry eye disease symptoms and impact on quality-of-life among hospital staff during the COVID-19 pandemic.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Investigating Mask-Associated Dry Eye and Contributing Factors in Healthcare Providers.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Article
- Review
- Prevalence of dry eye disease symptoms, associated factors and impact on quality of life among medical students during the pandemic.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Real or MADE-up: Investigating Mask-Associated Dry Eye (MADE) as an emerging syndrome.Eye (London, England) · 2024Review
- Prolonged facemask wearing among hospital workers and dry eye - a mixed-methods study.BMC ophthalmology · 2023Article
- The effects of facial mask use on ocular surface parameters and tear film cytokine profile in prolonged use.International ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Association between mask-associated dry eye (MADE) and corneal sensations.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Microbiological Profile of Infectious Keratitis During Covid-19 Pandemic.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2023Article
- High Prevalence of Symptomatic Dry Eye Disease Among University Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic in University of West Indies, Trinidad and Tobago.Clinical optometry · 2023Article
- The Impact of Probiotics and Prebiotics on Dry Eye Disease Signs and Symptoms.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- The ocular symptoms and signs during the COVID-19 pandemic.PloS one · 2022Article
- Impact of face mask usage on physiological and histological ocular surface features of hydrogel and silicone hydrogel contact lens wearers.Oman journal of ophthalmologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This population-based observational, cross-sectional, and descriptive survey was to investigate the relationship of increased face mask usage in the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) era with mask-associated dry eye (MADE). Participants aged 6-79 years old with formal school education were selected. All participants finished the 19-item questionnaire online, distributed through different social media platforms. From 6925 participants who submitted eligible questionnaires, MADE was reported in 547 participants, which included 419 participants who developed new dry eye symptoms after wearing face masks and 128 participants whose pre-existing dry eye symptoms worsened with mask wearing. Longer time of face mask wearing, nonstandard wearing of face masks, reduced outdoor time, decreased daily reading time, shortened visual display terminals time, and dry environment were positively associated with MADE. There were significant associations between perceived MADE and age, female sex, education, use of glasses and contact lenses, and pre-existing dry eye. MADE was more common in adults aged > 20 years than those aged ≤ 20 years or juveniles. MADE incidence increased. Standard wearing of face masks was suggested as a protective factor for MADE. Awareness about the possible risk of MADE should also be created and the clinical dry eye signs should be verified.Clinical trial registration number: NCT04744805.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.