ReviewHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics2022
Longevity of immunity following COVID-19 vaccination: a comprehensive review of the currently approved vaccines.
Review in Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness and safety of COVID-19 vaccination in older adults.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Endogenous Sex Hormones Explain Variation in Long-Term SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Persistence Beyond Biological Sex.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Development of an in vitro method to assess the immunogenicity of biologics in the prevention of infectious diseases.Immunologic research · 2025Article
- The impact of vaccine booster doses on specific B- and T-lymphocyte dynamics in Thai healthcare personnel following COVID-19 vaccination.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Comparative duration of neutralizing responses and protections of COVID-19 vaccination and correlates of protection.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Article
- Clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory analysis of hospitalized and fatal COVID-19 cases in the first fully vaccinated municipality in Northeast Brazil.Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo · 2025Article
- Outer membrane protein C is a protective and unique vaccine antigen against Shigella flexneri 3a.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Emerging heterologous mRNA-based booster strategies within the COVID-19 vaccine landscape.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Article
- Article
- Anti-Spike Antibodies Present in the Milk of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccinated Mothers Are Complement-Activating.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Preference and Willingness to Pay for the Regular COVID-19 Booster Shot in the Vietnamese Population: Theory-Driven Discrete Choice Experiment.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2023Article
- Durability of humoral and cell-mediated immune response after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine administration.Journal of medical virology · 2023Article
- Immune response and protective efficacy of the SARS-CoV-2 recombinant spike protein vaccine S-268019-b in mice.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Evaluation of the T cell and B cell response following the administration of COVID-19 vaccines in Korea.Journal of microbiology, immunology, and infection = Wei mian yu gan ran za zhi · 2022Article
- Review
- The Comparative Superiority of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Response in Different Immunization Scenarios.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
It is unknown how long the immunity following COVID-19 vaccination lasts. The current systematic review provides a perspective on the persistence of various antibodies for available vaccines.Both the BNT162b2 and the mRNA-1273 induce the production of IgA antibodies, reflecting the possible prevention of the asymptomatic spread. The mRNA-1273 vaccine's antibodies were detectable until 6 months, followed by the AZD1222, 3 months, the Ad26.COV2.S and the BNT162b2 vaccines within 2 months.The BNT162b2 produced anti-spike IgGs 11 days after the first dose and peaked at day 21, whereas the AZD1222 induced a neutralizing effect 22 days after the first dose.These vaccines induce T-cell mediated immune responses too. Each one of the AZD1222, Ad26.COV2.S, mRNA-1273 mediates T-cell response immunity at days 14-22, 15, and 43 after the first dose, respectively. Whereas for the BNT162b1 and BNT162b2 vaccines, T-cell immunity is induced 7 days and 12 weeks after the booster dose, respectively.
Indexed as
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.