ArticleJournal of medical Internet research2022
Blockchain-Based Architecture Design for Personal Health Record: Development and Usability Study.
Article in Journal of medical Internet research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Blockchain technology for secure and efficient nephrology data management.Clinical kidney journal · 2026Review
- Clinical cognition in the age of cardiovascular AI.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Patient Health Record Smart Network Challenges and Trends for a Smarter World.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- A Systematic Literature Review for Blockchain-Based Healthcare Implementations.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Greening vision: balancing clinical excellence and ecological sustainability in eye health.Frontiers in public health · 2025Review
- Designing a blockchain technology platform for enhancing the pre-exposure prophylaxis care continuum.JAMIA open · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
backgroundThe importance of blockchain-based architectures for personal health record (PHR) lies in the fact that they are thought and developed to allow patients to control and at least partly collect their health data. Ideally, these systems should provide the full control of such data to the respective owner. In spite of this importance, most of the works focus more on describing how blockchain models can be used in a PHR scenario rather than whether these models are in fact feasible and robust enough to support a large number of users.
objectiveTo achieve a consistent, reproducible, and comparable PHR system, we build a novel ledger-oriented architecture out of a permissioned distributed network, providing patients with a manner to securely collect, store, share, and manage their health data. We also emphasize the importance of suitable ledgers and smart contracts to operate the blockchain network as well as discuss the necessity of standardizing evaluation metrics to compare related (net)works.
methodsWe adopted the Hyperledger Fabric platform to implement our blockchain-based architecture design and the Hyperledger Caliper framework to provide a detailed assessment of our system: first, under workload, ranging from 100 to 2500 simultaneous record submissions, and second, increasing the network size from 3 to 13 peers. In both experiments, we used throughput and average latency as the primary metrics. We also created a health database, a cryptographic unit, and a server to complement the blockchain network.
resultsWith a 3-peer network, smart contracts that write on the ledger have throughputs, measured in transactions per second (tps) in an order of magnitude close to 10
conclusionsTo the best of our knowledge, we are the first to evaluate, using Hyperledger Caliper, the performance of a PHR blockchain architecture and the first to evaluate each smart contract separately. Nevertheless, blockchain systems achieve performances far below what the traditional distributed databases achieve, indicating that the assessment of blockchain solutions for PHR is a major concern to be addressed before putting them into a real production.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.