ReviewBMJ open ophthalmology2022
Drug-induced corneal deposits: an up-to-date review.
Review in BMJ open ophthalmology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ophthalmic Image Synthesis and Analysis with Generative Adversarial Network Artificial Intelligence.Journal of imaging informatics in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Ocular effects of Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibition: a systematic review.Eye (London, England) · 2024Pooled it
- Visually significant corneal deposits associated with rifabutin therapy forAmerican journal of ophthalmology case reports · 2026Article
- Video-assisted thoracoscopy with pleurodesis as treatment of amiodarone induced recurrent pleural effusion.Respiratory medicine case reports · 2026Article
- Toremifene-induced bilateral macular crystalline deposits with cystic cavitation: a case report.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- [Copper-affine antibodies in Descemet's membrane as a rare clinical manifestation of multiple myeloma-Case report and literature review].Die Ophthalmologie · 2025Article
- Krukenberg's Spindle-Like Corneal Changes in a Patient With Prolonged ICU Admission: A Case Report.Cureus · 2025Article
- CDK4/6 inhibitor-associated vortex keratopathy: a case report.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- A case of corneal opacity caused by atovaquone administration.American journal of ophthalmology case reports · 2025Article
- Amiodarone-induced ocular and extra-ocular toxicity: a retrospective cohort study.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Observational
- Case Report: IVCM of corneal chlorpromazine toxicity drug deposits.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Amiodarone Therapy: Updated Practical Insights.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Unambiguous Interpretation of the Pathogenicity of the GLA c.547+3A>G Variant Causing Fabry Disease.Genes · 2024Article
- Crystalline keratopathy following long-term netarsudil therapy.American journal of ophthalmology case reports · 2024Article
- Ocular Manifestations of Fabry Disease: Report from a Tertiary Eye Care Center in Türkiye.Turkish journal of ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Impact of Nontreatment Duration and Keratopathy on Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Fabry Disease: A Nationwide Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Quantitative Raman chemical imaging of intracellular drug-membrane aggregates and small molecule drug precipitates in cytoplasmic organelles.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2023Review
- DICED - anti-depressant drug-induced corneal endothelial deposits.Indian journal of psychiatry · 2023Article
- Strategies for prevention and management of ocular events occurring with mirvetuximab soravtansine.Gynecologic oncology reports · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This review assesses different clinical aspects of the various known drug-induced corneal deposits, based on the corneal layer involved (epithelium, stroma and/or endothelium), and based on the drug class. The most well-known condition caused by drug deposits is vortex keratopathy, or corneal verticillata, which is a whorl-like opacity in the corneal epithelium. Vortex keratopathy is commonly caused by certain cationic amphiphilic drugs such as amiodarone, antimalarials, suramin, tamoxifen, chlorpromazine and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. These deposits usually occur once a certain dose of the drug is reached. Most cases present with mild to moderate symptoms with minimal visual impairment. Most of these deposits resolve automatically, after months to years of drug cessation. Notably, other drug classes can cause deposits in all three layers of the cornea. Chlorpromazine, gold, rifabutin, indomethacin and tyrosine kinase inhibitors can cause stromal deposits, with reduced visual acuity when the anterior stroma is involved. Chlorpromazine and rifabutin can also cause deposits in the endothelial layer of the cornea. Regardless of the type of corneal deposit, local therapies such as topical lubricants or corticosteroids may help improve symptoms. Drug cessation or modification can also be helpful but should be weighed against the systemic risks of the underlying disease.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.