Trial reportSaudi medical journal2022
The effect of virtual reality on anxiety, stress, and hemodynamic parameters during cesarean section: A randomized controlled clinical trial.
Trial report in Saudi medical journal, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 24 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Potential Effects of Virtual Reality Technology on the Treatment of Migraine-Type Headaches: Randomized Observational Study
The Impact of Virtual Reality -Guided Visual and Auditory Therapy on Symptom Severity and Psychological Well-Being in Tension-Type Headache Patients: A Controlled Study
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness of Virtual Reality for Pain Relief in Procedures Related to Obstetrics and Gynaecology: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of virtual reality interventions on anxiety symptoms in women undergoing gynecological examinations and surgeries: a multi-level dose-response meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Pooled it
- Virtual Reality Is Safe and Can Reduce In-Hospital Anxiety and Pain: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analyses and Trial Sequence Analyses.European journal of pain (London, England) · 2025Pooled it
- Effectiveness of virtual reality therapy in the treatment of anxiety disorders in adolescents and adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Informational video on preoperative anxiety and postoperative satisfaction prior to elective cesarean delivery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC psychology · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The use of virtual reality technology among women undergoing intrauterine insemination: a randomized controlled study.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Virtual reality for reducing intraoperative anxiety and improving patient satisfaction under regional anesthesia among palestinian patients: a randomized controlled trial.BMC anesthesiology · 2025Trial
- Virtual reality treatment could reduce anxiety for women undergoing cesarean section with spinal anesthesia: a randomized controlled trial.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2024Trial
- Effects of virtual reality and nature sounds on pain and anxiety during hysterosalpingography: a randomized controlled trial.Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992) · 2024Trial
- Virtual reality versus companion-delivered therapeutic touch for reducing pain and anxiety during suturing: a randomized controlled trial.International journal of emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Effectiveness of Virtual Reality Interventions on Perioperative Anxiety, Depression, Blood Pressure, and Heart Rate: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.JMIR serious games · 2026Review
- Reducing pain and anxiety with virtual reality in (outpatient) gynecological procedures: a systematic review with meta-analysis.AJOG global reports · 2026Review
- Perioperative virtual reality and neuropsychiatric outcomes: a scoping review.Perioperative medicine (London, England) · 2026Review
- Virtual Reality as an Intervention for Intraoperative Anxiety and Stress in Regional Anesthesia: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Health science reports · 2026Article
- A systematic literature review on integrating AI-powered smart glasses into digital health management for proactive healthcare solutions.NPJ digital medicine · 2025Article
- Decreasing Preoperative Anxiety in Patients with Newly Available Multimodal Approaches-A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Extended reality in anesthesia: a narrative review.Korean journal of anesthesiology · 2025Review
- Exploring the Efficacy of Virtual Reality Training in Obstetric Procedures and Patient Care-A Systematic Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- VR preoperative education with sensory information alleviates perioperative anxiety and enhances delivery experience in primiparas undergoing cesarean section: a randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo investigate the effect of virtual reality (VR) on anxiety, stress, and hemodynamic parameters during cesarean section (CS).
methodsThis is a randomized controlled clinical trial conducted at the operating theatre / Maternal and Children Hospital, Najran, Saudi Arabia from February to October 2021. The study comprised a random sample of 351(176 study and 175 control) low-risk pregnant women undergoing elective CS with regional anesthesia. Data collection was carried out using 5 instruments. Basic and clinical data sheet, maternal hemodynamic parameters assessment sheet, brief measure of preoperative emotional stress, a novel visual facial anxiety scale, and maternal satisfaction scale. Virtual reality group exposed to 3D natural videos associated with calm Quran or music voices via phone using VR glasses immediately after anesthesia until completion of skin suture. The control group left for routine hospital care.
resultsThe VR group showed significantly lower stress and anxiety levels immediately after skin suture and 2h postoperative (
conclusionVirtual reality significantly reduced anxiety and stress among women undergoing CS under regional anesthesia. Virtual reality may be added to the routine intraoperative techniques that help induce patient relaxation and increase satisfaction.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.