ArticleBMJ open2022
Gender and tobacco epidemic in South Korea: implications from age-period-cohort analysis and the DPSEEA framework.
Article in BMJ open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Multilevel normative tensions under partial outdoor smoke-free policies: A qualitative case study in Seoul, South Korea.Preventive medicine reports · 2026Article
- A Multicenter Registry for Rare Interstitial Lung Diseases in Korea: Baseline Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes.Tuberculosis and respiratory diseases · 2026Article
- Differential impact of South Korea's 2019 E-cigarette advisory on adult tobacco product use: an interrupted time series analysis by product type and subgroup.BMC public health · 2026Article
- A causal inference framework for poststratification: a method for improving external validity in epidemiological studies.BMC medical research methodology · 2026Article
- Trends in Combustible Cigarette Smoking, Electronic Cigarette Use, and Related Behaviors among Korean Adults: An 11-Year Analysis of Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-2023).Tuberculosis and respiratory diseases · 2026Article
- Dual use of novel tobacco products and socioeconomic paradox in smoking cessation: An age-period-cohort analysis of KNHANES data 2007-2022.Tobacco induced diseases · 2026Article
- Disease accumulation across birth cohorts in South Korea.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2025Article
- Current status of modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease in Korean women.The Korean journal of internal medicine · 2025Review
- Gender differences in the association between smoking and the risk of suicide in depressed patients: a longitudinal national cohort study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Determinants of unhealthy living by gender, age group, and chronic health conditions across districts in Korea using the 2010-2017 Community Health Surveys.Epidemiology and health · 2024Article
- Age-period-cohort analysis of smoking prevalence trends among career military personnel in South Korea.Tobacco induced diseases · 2024Article
- Age, Period, and Cohort Analysis of Smoking Intensity Among Current Smokers in Malaysia, 1996-2015.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo understand a 20-year trend of gender-specific smoking prevalence among adults in South Korea.
designAge-period-cohort analysis using the intrinsic estimator method was applied to examine the separate contribution of age, period and cohort effect on smoking prevalence. The Driving Force-Pressure-State-Exposure-Effect-Action (DPSEEA) framework was used to explain the observed smoking trends by mapping potential determinants and to address policy implications.
settingGeneral adult population in South Korea.
participants34 828 men and 43 632 women who aged 19-78 years, were not currently pregnant and were without a prior diagnosis of cardiovascular disease or cancer. OUTCOME MEASURES: Gender-specific current smoking prevalence using the 1998-2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
resultsOur results showed gender-specific age and birth cohort effects. More specifically, the smoking prevalence peaked at their mid-20s (prevalence rate ratio (PRR): 1.54, 95% CI: 1.49 to 1.59) and cohort born in 1959-1963 (PRR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.57 to 1.70) and then decreased in men. On the other hand, in women, the smoking prevalence consistently increased until their mid-40s (PRR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.27 to 1.84) and in recent birth cohort groups (PRR in 1994-1998 cohort: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.13 to 2.13). The period effects declined from 1998-2002 to 2003-2007, following increasing fluctuations in both genders. The smoking-DPSEEA framework showed the absence of policy actions to target female smokers and emphasised a proactive approach that tackles the upstream causes for smoking in women.
conclusionsMen and women are clearly in different phases of the smoking epidemic in Korean population, and gender-tailored policies should be implemented.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.