Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35414258›Full record

ReviewOpen biology2022

The aldehyde hypothesis: metabolic intermediates as antimicrobial effectors.

K Heran Darwin, Sarah A Stanley

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Open biology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed
2.8field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Cell envelope maintenance by PhoP is essential forProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  3. Article
  4. TheeLife · 2025
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Insights into Active Site Cysteine Residues inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Review
  10. Identification of glyoxalase A in group BInfection and immunity · 2025
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Decoding drug tolerance: insights into theFrontiers in microbiology · 2025
    Article
  13. Identification of Glyoxalase A in Group BbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Paleo-health of Neolithic wet-rice farmers in the Yangtze River Delta: a comparison with early millet farmers in northern China.Anthropological science : journal of the Anthropological Society of Nippon = Jinruigaku zasshi · 2024
    Article
  19. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

K Heran DarwinDepartment of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Sarah A StanleyDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology, Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
New York University · USUniversity of California, Berkeley · US

Funding

METABOLIC ALDEHYDES AS IMMUNE EFFECTORS AGAINST TUBERCULOSISR01AI153197 · NIAID · NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · PI DARWIN, KATERINA HERAN, STANLEY, SARAH A · 2020 to 2025
$7.3M
Metabolic regulation of macrophage function during M. tuberculosis infectionR01AI113270 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY · PI STANLEY, SARAH A · 2015 to 2024
$3.8M
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI113270NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI153197
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

There are many reactive intermediates found in metabolic pathways. Could these potentially toxic molecules be exploited for an organism's benefit? We propose that during certain microbial infections, the production of inherently reactive aldehydes by an infected host is a previously unappreciated innate immune defence mechanism. While there has been a significant focus on the effects of aldehydes on mammalian physiology, the idea that they might be exploited or purposefully induced to kill pathogens is new. Given that aldehydes are made as parts of metabolic programmes that accompany immune cell activation by the cytokine interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) during infections, we hypothesize that aldehydes are among the arsenal of IFN-γ-inducible effectors needed for pathogen control.

Indexed as

Anti-Infective AgentsMacrophagesAldehydesAnimalsCytokinesInterferon-gammaMammalsNitric OxideAldehydesAnti-Infective AgentsCytokinesInterferon-gammaNitric Oxidealdehydesinnate immunityinterferon-gammamacrophagesMycobacterium tuberculosisnitric oxide

Identifiers

PMID35414258
PMCPMC9006002
OpenAlexW4223512489

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.