ArticleBMC women's health2022
Distinct gut and vaginal microbiota profile in women with recurrent implantation failure and unexplained infertility.
Article in BMC women's health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Distinctive reproductive tract microbial characteristics associated with infertility in women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Pooled it
- The cervicovaginal gut microbiota axis as a key determinant of systemic physiology.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Association Between Vaginal Microbiota and Female Infertility: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Assessing the female urogenital-rectal axis microbiome: focus on endometriosis and recurrent implantation failure.Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2026Article
- Vaginal Microbiome and Preterm Birth in Pregnant Women From India.The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research · 2026Article
- Exploring the Association Between Gut Microbiota and Infertility in Women with Multiple Implantation Failures: An Exploratory Study.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Multi-omics biomarkers in endometrial receptivity: from mechanisms to clinical translation.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- The interplay of microbiome, molecular mechanisms, and fertility -an integrated review.Folia microbiologica · 2026Review
- Innate Immunity and Microbial Recognition in Reproduction: From Barrier Defense to Maternal-Fetal Tolerance.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026Review
- Bacterial microbiome analysis of vaginal, cervical, and endometrial samples in patients with adenomyosis during the window of implantation.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Causal Relationship Between Gut Microbiota and Female Infertility: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Analysis.JBRA assisted reproduction · 2026Article
- Microbial Dysbiosis and Pathogenic Interplay in the Gut-Vaginal Axis: Implications for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Critical Review.Current microbiology · 2026Review
- The uterine and vaginal microbiome in assisted reproductive technologies: implications for maternal and offspring outcomes.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2026Review
- Differences in Vaginal Microbiota Composition Between Infertile and Fertile Patients: A Prospective Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Exploring the Potential Use of Probiotics, Prebiotics, Synbiotics, and Postbiotics as Adjuvants for Modulating the Vaginal Microbiome: a Bibliometric Review.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2025Review
- From gut to gamete: how the microbiome influences fertility and preconception health.Microbiome · 2025Review
- Divergence in the sow vaginal microbiota is associated with fertility.Reproduction (Cambridge, England) · 2025Article
- Behind-the-Scenes Actors in Fertility: A Comprehensive Review of the Female Reproductive Tract Microbiome and Its Clinical Relevance.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The Role of the Gut Microbiota in Female Reproductive and Gynecological Health: Insights into Endometrial Signaling Pathways.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Distribution of gut microbiota across intestinal segments and their impact on human physiological and pathological processes.Cell & bioscience · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFemale reproductive tract dysbiosis impacts implantation. However, whether gut dysbiosis influences implantation failure and whether it accompanies reproductive tract dysbiosis remains scantly explored. Herein, we examined the gut-vaginal microbiota axis in infertile women.
methodsWe recruited 11 fertile women as the controls, and a cohort of 20 infertile women, 10 of whom had recurrent implantation failure (RIF), and another 10 had unexplained infertility (UE). Using amplicon sequencing, which employs PCR to create sequences of DNA called amplicon, we compared the diversity, structure, and composition of faecal and vaginal bacteria of the controls with that of the infertile cohort. Of note, we could only sequence 8 vaginal samples in each group (n = 24/31).
resultCompared with the controls, α-diversity and β-diversity of the gut bacteria among the infertile groups differed significantly (p < 0.05). Taxa analysis revealed enrichment of Gram-positive bacteria in the RIF group, whereas Gram-negative bacteria were relatively abundant in the UE group. Strikingly, mucus-producing genera declined in the infertile cohort (p < 0.05). Hungatella, associated with trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) production, were enriched in the infertile cohort (p < 0.05). Vaginal microbiota was dominated by the genus Lactobacillus, with Lactobacillus iners AB-1 being the most abundant species across the groups. Compared with the infertile cohort, overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria, associated with vaginal dysbiosis, such as Leptotrichia and Snethia, occurred in the controls.
conclusionThe gut microbiota had little influence on the vaginal microbiota. Gut dysbiosis and vaginal eubiosis occurred in the infertile women, whereas the opposite trend occurred in the controls.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.