ArticleMolecular biology and evolution2022
Venom Gene Sequence Diversity and Expression Jointly Shape Diet Adaptation in Pitvipers.
Article in Molecular biology and evolution, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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20 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Assessing the Evolutionary Potential of Endangered Populations Using Genomic Analyses of Selection in Ecologically Important Gene Regions.Molecular ecology · 2026Article
- Inter- and Intraspecific Venom Variation in the Reclusive Rear-Fanged Black-Striped Snakes (Toxins · 2026Article
- The Golden Lancehead Genome Reveals Distinct Selective Processes Acting on Venom Genes of an Island Endemic Snake.Genome biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Transcriptomic Insights Into the Evolution of Snake Venom: Mechanisms, Diversity, and Adaptation.Scientifica · 2026Review
- Proteomic profiling and comparative hemotoxicity ofThe journal of venomous animals and toxins including tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Molecular mechanisms underlying early functional divergence in snake venom inferred from the genomes of two pitviper lineages.BMC biology · 2025Article
- Duplication of a conserved mitochondrial enzyme gene arms parasitoid wasps with venom cytotoxicity and oogenesis regulation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Life history and chromosome organization determine chemoreceptor gene expression in rattlesnakes.The Journal of heredity · 2025Article
- Article
- The gene regulatory mechanisms shaping the heterogeneity of venom production in the Cape coral snake.Genome biology · 2025Article
- Dietary Breadth Predicts Toxin Expression Complexity in the Venoms of North American Gartersnakes.Integrative organismal biology (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- VenomCap: An exon-capture probe set for the targeted sequencing of snake venom genes.Molecular ecology resources · 2024Article
- Where the "ruber" Meets the Road: Using the Genome of the Red Diamond Rattlesnake to Unravel the Evolutionary Processes Driving Venom Evolution.Genome biology and evolution · 2024Article
- Chemical Synthesis and Insecticidal Activity Research Based on α-Conotoxins.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The genetic regulatory architecture and epigenomic basis for age-related changes in rattlesnake venom.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Functional genomic diversity is correlated with neutral genomic diversity in populations of an endangered rattlesnake.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Comprehensive isoform-level analysis reveals the contribution of alternative isoforms to venom evolution and repertoire diversity.Genome research · 2023Article
- Sequence Divergence in Venom Genes Within and Between Montane Pitviper (Viperidae: Crotalinae: Cerrophidion) Species is Driven by Mutation-Drift Equilibrium.Journal of molecular evolution · 2023Article
- Highly Evolvable: Investigating Interspecific and Intraspecific Venom Variation in Taipans (Toxins · 2023Article
- A novel broad spectrum venom metalloproteinase autoinhibitor in the rattlesnakeProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Understanding the joint roles of protein sequence variation and differential expression during adaptive evolution is a fundamental, yet largely unrealized goal of evolutionary biology. Here, we use phylogenetic path analysis to analyze a comprehensive venom-gland transcriptome dataset spanning three genera of pitvipers to identify the functional genetic basis of a key adaptation (venom complexity) linked to diet breadth (DB). The analysis of gene-family-specific patterns reveals that, for genes encoding two of the most important venom proteins (snake venom metalloproteases and snake venom serine proteases), there are direct, positive relationships between sequence diversity (SD), expression diversity (ED), and increased DB. Further analysis of gene-family diversification for these proteins showed no constraint on how individual lineages achieved toxin gene SD in terms of the patterns of paralog diversification. In contrast, another major venom protein family (PLA2s) showed no relationship between venom molecular diversity and DB. Additional analyses suggest that other molecular mechanisms-such as higher absolute levels of expression-are responsible for diet adaptation involving these venom proteins. Broadly, our findings argue that functional diversity generated through sequence and expression variations jointly determine adaptation in the key components of pitviper venoms, which mediate complex molecular interactions between the snakes and their prey.
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