ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2022
Rhesus monkeys have an interoceptive sense of their beating hearts.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative insights into insula structure and function.Nature neuroscience · 2026Review
- Manipulation of interoceptive signaling biases decision making in rhesus macaques.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Article
- Measuring Cardiac Interoceptive Accuracy in Infancy: Lessons From the Adult Literature.Psychophysiology · 2025Review
- Interoceptive Signals Bias Decision Making in Rhesus Macaques.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Illusory light drives pupil responses in primates.Journal of vision · 2024Article
- The neurobiology of interoception and affect.Trends in cognitive sciences · 2024Review
- Evolutionarily conserved neural responses to affective touch in monkeys transcend consciousness and change with age.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Brightness illusions drive a neuronal response in the primary visual cortex under top-down modulation.Nature communications · 2024Article
- The vagus nerve in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology: From evolutionary insights to clinical medicine.Seminars in cell & developmental biology · 2024Review
- The influence of cardiac synchronisation on self-attribution to external objects in male participants.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- Cardiac psychophysiological tuning to socioaffective content is disrupted in aged rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta).Psychophysiology · 2024Article
- Impaired cardiac modulation in patients with functional seizures: Results from a face intensity judgment task.Epilepsia · 2023Article
- Interoceptive rhythms in the brain.Nature neuroscience · 2023Review
- Brightness illusions evoke pupil constriction preceded by a primary visual cortex response in rats.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2023Article
- Reorganization in the macaque interoceptive-allostatic network following anterior cingulate cortex damage.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2023Article
- Rhesus monkeys have an interoceptive sense of their beating hearts.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- The experimental study of consciousness: Is psychology travelling back to the future?International journal of clinical and health psychology : IJCHPArticle
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The sensation of internal bodily signals, such as when your stomach is contracting or your heart is beating, plays a critical role in broad biological and psychological functions ranging from homeostasis to emotional experience and self-awareness. The evolutionary origins of this capacity and, thus, the extent to which it is present in nonhuman animals remain unclear. Here, we show that rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) spend significantly more time viewing stimuli presented asynchronously, as compared to synchronously, with their heartbeats. This is consistent with evidence previously shown in human infants using a nearly identical experimental paradigm, suggesting that rhesus monkeys have a human-like capacity to integrate interoceptive signals from the heart with exteroceptive audiovisual information. As no prior work has demonstrated behavioral evidence of innate cardiac interoceptive ability in nonhuman animals, these results have important implications for our understanding of the evolution of this ability and for establishing rhesus monkeys as an animal model for human interoceptive function and dysfunction. We anticipate that this work may also provide an important model for future psychiatric research, as disordered interoceptive processing is implicated in a wide variety of psychiatric conditions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.