ArticleEuropean radiology experimental2022
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound: a new tool for imaging the superficial lymphatic vessels of the upper limb.
Article in European radiology experimental, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Preoperative Assessment of Lymphatic-Venous Anastomosis Using Indocyanine Green Angiography Combined with Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound with Perflubutane.Journal of plastic and reconstructive surgery · 2026Article
- High-frequency ultrasound combined with microbubbles for preoperative lymphatic mapping for lymphedema with a non-linear pattern in indocyanine green lymphography.European radiology · 2026Article
- Percutaneous Lymphatic Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound for Preoperative Localization in Stage 2-3 Lymphedema: A Feasibility Study.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2026Article
- Comparative Evaluation of Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound and Indocyanine Green Lymphography for Lymphatic Mapping: A Retrospective Study.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2025Article
- Noncontrast Ultra-High-Frequency Ultrasound for Preoperative Lymphovenous Mapping in Patients Undergoing Lymphaticovenous Anastomosis Surgery for Extremity Lymphedema.AJR. American journal of roentgenology · 2025Article
- Application of percutaneous lymphatic contrast-enhanced ultrasound in lymphovenous anastomosis microsurgery.PloS one · 2025Article
- Randomized Feasibility Study Evaluating Multiple FDA-approved Microbubbles for CEUS Lymphography.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2024Article
- Using four-point subcutaneous injection of lymphatic contrast-enhanced ultrasound to diagnose lymphedema of lower extremity.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2024Article
- The hybrid nanosystem for the identification and magnetic hyperthermia immunotherapy of metastatic sentinel lymph nodes as a multifunctional theranostic agent.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Article
- The Role of Imaging of Lymphatic System to Prevent Cancer Related Lymphedema.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Imaging Modalities for Evaluating Lymphedema.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Review
- Lymphatic Mapping with Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound for Lymphaticovenous Anastomosis Surgery: How We Do It.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2023Article
- Visualizing the lymphatic vessels and flow with high-resolution ultrasonography and microvascular flow imaging.Ultrasonography (Seoul, Korea) · 2023Article
- LED-based photoacoustic imaging for preoperative visualization of lymphatic vessels in patients with secondary limb lymphedema.Photoacoustics · 2023Article
- Current diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for the management of lymphatic insufficiency in patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDespite the new lymphatic imaging methods, there is still a need for a straightforward method of detecting lymphatic abnormalities. Our goal was to investigate the feasibility of applying a contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) procedure as a new approach for visualising the superficial lymphatic vessels of the upper limb.
methodsThirty healthy volunteers were examined with CEUS after bilateral intradermal injection of Sonazoid® contrast agent in distal antebrachium. We registered factors affecting intradermal injections, imaging of the superficial lymphatic vessels and the enhancement time of contrast agent reaching the levels of elbow and axilla.
resultsCEUS imaging of superficial lymphatic vessels was successful in 59 of 60 upper limbs (98.3%). Median [interquartile ranges] enhancement times of contrast agent to reach the elbow (right 18 s [11-25], left 15 s [12-25]) and axilla (right 77 s [33-118], left 66 s [42-115]) were equally fast. Successful intradermal injections were found to result in two types of contrast enhancement (strong or moderate), while the enhancement time depended on the type of the successful injection. No major differences in enhancement times were observed related to sex, body mass index, age, or side of the arm.
conclusionsThe superficial lymphatic pathways of the upper limb can be visualised with CEUS imaging. Since enhancement time is dependent on the success of intradermal injections, one must pay attention to the injection technique. Further studies are needed to evaluate the method in patients with lymphatic function disorders such as breast cancer therapy related lymphoedema.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.