ArticleJournal of cancer research and clinical oncology2022
Lymphovascular and perineural invasion are risk factors for inguinal lymph node metastases in men with T1G2 penile cancer.
Article in Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Predicting inguinal lymph node metastasis in penile squamous cell carcinoma, from imaging, molecular biomarkers to multimodal AI: a narrative review.Translational andrology and urology · 2026Review
- Article
- New histological risk grading system for prediction of lymph node metastasis in patients with penile cancer.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2025Article
- Construction and validation of a prediction model for inguinal lymph node metastasis of penile malignancy.Translational andrology and urology · 2024Article
- Total Margin Control Is Superior to Traditional Margin Assessment for Treatment of Low-Stage Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma.The Journal of urology · 2024Article
- The role of radiotherapy in the management of squamous cell cancer of the penis.World journal of urology · 2023Review
- Accuracy of dynamic sentinel lymph node biopsy for inguinal lymph node staging in cN0 penile cancer.EJNMMI research · 2023Article
- What would one of the greatest natural scientists and educators of the eighteenth century, Georg Christoph Lichtenberg, say about the current therapy management of patients with penile cancer?Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 9 institutions in 6 countries.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo analyse the risk of inguinal lymph node (ILN) metastases in T1G2 penile cancer stratified by lymphovascular invasion (LVI), perineural invasion (PNI) and tumour size.
methodsRetrospective study of men with localised T1G2 penile cancer with non-palpable lymph nodes and no local recurrence during follow-up at six European institutional high-volume centres was performed. ILN involvement was defined as cancer detected during ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology, core needle biopsy, dynamic sentinel lymph node biopsy, ILN dissection or inguinal recurrence during follow-up. Uni- and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed.
resultsIn the cohort of 554 men with T1G2 penile cancer, from 6 European institutions, ILN metastases were observed in 46/554 men (8%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 6-11%). Men with both, LVI- and PNI- primary cancers had the lowest risk of ILN involvement (6%) whereas men with LVI + or PNI + showed ILN metastases in 22% and 30%. In multivariable regression, men with LVI + or PNI + had higher odds for ILN metastases compared to men with LVI- and PNI- (OR 3.9, 95% CI 1.6-9.0, p value < 0.01) Tumour size was not associated with ILN risk (OR 1.01 95% CI 0.99-1.04, p = 0.17).
conclusionApproximately, one out of ten men with T1G2 overall and one out of four men with either LVI + or PNI + still have ILN metastases despite being clinically node negative. Therefore, invasive ILN staging should strongly be recommended in T1G2 with LVI + or PNI + but importantly, must be discussed in patients with T1G2 with LVI- or PNI-.
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