ReviewAnnals of medicine and surgery (2012)2022
Post COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis; a meta-analysis study.
Review in Annals of medicine and surgery (2012), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 121 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
121 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 204 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global landscape for pulmonary fibrosis treatment: a data-driven perspective from clinical trials.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis: a meta-analysis of observational studies.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Systematic review of overlapping microRNA patterns in COVID-19 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.Respiratory research · 2023Pooled it
- Cyclosporine A in hospitalized COVID-19 pneumonia patients to prevent the development of interstitial lung disease: a pilot randomized clinical trial.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- The Effectiveness of a Four-Week Digital Physiotherapy Intervention to Improve Functional Capacity and Adherence to Intervention in Patients with Long COVID-19.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Trial
- Corticosteroid treatment for post-COVID-19 persistent interstitial lung disease: a randomized clinical trial.The Brazilian journal of infectious diseases : an official publication of the Brazilian Society of Infectious DiseasesTrial
- Integrated longitudinal transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of the murine lung response to influenza a virus.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2026Article
- Antifibrotic Effects ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Characterization of subchronic lung and brain consequences caused by mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A infection of C57BL6 mice.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Pulmonary sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection: a narrative review of long-term functional, radiological, and clinical outcomes in COVID-19 survivors, with a regional focus on Saudi Arabia.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Review
- Progressive fibrotic interstitial lung diseases in India: national challenges and implications for global health policies.Health research policy and systems · 2025Review
- Progress in the Application of Pirfenidone in Post-COVID-19 Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Review.Cureus · 2025Review
- Evaluating the antiviral efficacy and specificity of chlorogenic acid and related herbal extracts against SARS-CoV-2 variants via spike protein binding intervention.Journal of traditional and complementary medicine · 2025Article
- The post-COVID-19 pulmonary sequelae: manifestations, mechanisms and treatment strategies.Journal of thoracic disease · 2025Review
- Pulmonary Fibrosis in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19: A Multi-Center Retrospective Cohort Study in Korea.Journal of Korean medical science · 2025Observational
- The long reach of influenza and other respiratory viruses: from acute epithelial injury to post-viral lung disease.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Pulmonary and Immune Dysfunction in Pediatric Long COVID: A Case Study Evaluating the Utility of ChatGPT-4 for Analyzing Scientific Articles.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Breathless Aftermath: Post-COVID-19 Pulmonary Fibrosis.Viruses · 2025Review
- FeNO as a biomarker of interstitial and fibrotic pulmonary sequelae in patients admitted for severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- PET imaging of platelet derived growth factor receptor β in lung fibrosis.EJNMMI radiopharmacy and chemistry · 2025Article
61 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction; Pulmonary fibrosis is a frequently reported COVID-19 sequela in which the exact prevalence and risk factors are yet to be established. This meta-analysis aims to investigate the prevalence of post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis (PCPF) and the potential risk factors. Methods; CINAHL, PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases were searched to identify English language studies published up to December 3, 2021. Results; The systematic search initially revealed a total of 618 articles - of which only 13 studies reporting 2018 patients were included in this study. Among the patients, 1047 (51.9%) were male and 971 (48.1%) were female. The mean age was 54.5 years (15-94). The prevalence of PCPF was 44.9%. The mean age was 59 years in fibrotic patients and 48.5 years in non-fibrotic patients. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was the only comorbidity associated with PCPF. Fibrotic patients more commonly suffered from persistent symptoms of dyspnea, cough, chest pain, fatigue, and myalgia (p-value < 0.05). Factors related to COVID-19 severity that were associated with PCPF development included computed tomography score of ≥18, ICU admission, invasive/non-invasive mechanical ventilation, longer hospitalization period, and steroid, antibiotic and immunoglobulin treatments (p-value < 0.05). Parenchymal bands (284/341), ground-glass opacities (552/753), interlobular septal thickening (220/381), and consolidation (197/319) were the most common lung abnormalities found in fibrotic patients. Conclusion, About 44.9% of COVID-19 survivors appear to have developed pulmonary fibrosis. Factors related to COVID-19 severity were significantly associated with PCPF development.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.