Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35410999›Full record

ArticleNature communications2022

Impact of horizontal gene transfer on emergence and stability of cooperative virulence in Salmonella Typhimurium.

Erik Bakkeren, Ersin Gül, Jana S Huisman, Yves Steiger, Andrea Rocker, Wolf-Dietrich Hardt, Médéric Diard

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
23citing papers in PubMed
4.8field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

23 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Cooperation and the evolution of bacterial niche breadth.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  5. [Research on Bacteriophage Resistance: Coevolutionary Arms Race Between Bacteria and Phages Drives Novel Antibacterial Therapies].Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition · 2026
    Review
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. The intestinal environment potentiates bacteriophage adaptation in response to phenotypic resistance inProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Genome degradation promotesNational science review · 2023
    Article
  17. Intrahost evolution of the gut microbiota.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2023
    Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Erik BakkerenInstitute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7970-7890
Ersin GülInstitute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2873-8034
Jana S HuismanInstitute of Integrative Biology, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1782-8109
Yves SteigerInstitute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Andrea RockerBiozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Wolf-Dietrich HardtInstitute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. wolf-dietrich.hardt@micro.biol.ethz.ch.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9892-6420
Médéric DiardBiozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. mederic.diard@unibas.ch.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5914-8059
ETH Zurich · CHNovartis (Switzerland) · CHSIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics · CHUniversity of Basel · CH

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Intestinal inflammation fuels the transmission of Salmonella Typhimurium (S.Tm). However, a substantial fitness cost is associated with virulence expression. Mutations inactivating transcriptional virulence regulators generate attenuated variants profiting from inflammation without enduring virulence cost. Such variants interfere with the transmission of fully virulent clones. Horizontal transfer of functional regulatory genes (HGT) into attenuated variants could nevertheless favor virulence evolution. To address this hypothesis, we cloned hilD, coding for the master regulator of virulence, into a conjugative plasmid that is highly transferrable during intestinal colonization. The resulting mobile hilD allele allows virulence to emerge from avirulent populations, and to be restored in attenuated mutants competing against virulent clones within-host. However, mutations inactivating the mobile hilD allele quickly arise. The stability of virulence mediated by HGT is strongly limited by its cost, which depends on the hilD expression level, and by the timing of transmission. We conclude that robust evolution of costly virulence expression requires additional selective forces such as narrow population bottlenecks during transmission.

Indexed as

Gene Expression Regulation, BacterialSalmonella typhimuriumBacterial ProteinsGene Transfer, HorizontalHumansInflammationTranscription FactorsVirulenceBacterial ProteinsTranscription Factors

Identifiers

PMID35410999
PMCPMC9001671
OpenAlexW4223510203

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.