ArticleCell death discovery2022
Mucin 21 confers resistance to apoptosis in an O-glycosylation-dependent manner.
Article in Cell death discovery, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transmembrane mucin 21 drives lung adenocarcinoma growth by suppressing retinoic acid receptor β signaling.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- Immune functions of the esophagus.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2026Review
- MUC21 is downregulated in oral squamous cell carcinoma and associated with poor prognosis.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- The oesophagus as an immune organ.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2025Review
- Proteogenomic characterization of molecular and cellular targets for treatment-resistant subtypes in locally advanced cervical cancers.Molecular cancer · 2025Article
- The multifaceted roles of mucins family in lung cancer: from prognostic biomarkers to promising targets.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Mucus and mucin: changes in the mucus barrier in disease states.Tissue barriers · 2025Review
- Article
- Identifying pleiotropic genes via the composite test amidst the complexity of polygenic traits.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2024Article
- MUC21: a new target for tumor treatment.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Review
- A CRISPR activation screen identifies MUC-21 as critical for resistance to NK and T cell-mediated cytotoxicity.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2023Article
- Unique Glycoform-Dependent Monoclonal Antibodies for Mouse Mucin 21.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells exhibit reactivity with Wisteria floribunda agglutinin.PloS one · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Highly glycosylated mucins protect epithelial surfaces from external insults and are related to malignant behaviors of carcinoma cells. However, the importance of carbohydrate chains on mucins in the process of cellular protection is not fully understood. Here, we investigated the effect of human mucin-21 (MUC21) expression on the susceptibility to apoptosis. MUC21 transfection into HEK293 cells decreased the number of apoptotic cells in culture media containing etoposide or after ultraviolet light irradiation. We used Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell variants to investigate the importance of MUC21 glycosylation in the resistance to apoptosis. When MUC21 was expressed in CHO-K1 cells, it was glycosylated with sialyl T-antigen and the cells showed resistance to etoposide-induced apoptosis. MUC21 transfection into Lec2 cells, a variant of CHO cells lacking sialylation of glycans, revealed that the presence of nonsialylated T-antigen also renders cells resistant to etoposide-induced apoptosis. MUC21 was transfected into ldlD cells and the glycosylation was manipulated by supplementation to the medium. Nonsupplemented cells and cells supplemented with N-acetylgalactosamine showed no resistance to etoposide-induced apoptosis. In contrast, these cells supplemented with N-acetylgalactosamine plus galactose expressed sialyl T-antigen and exhibited resistance to etoposide-induced apoptosis. Finally, galectin-3 knockdown in MUC21 transfectants of HEK293 cells did not significantly affect MUC21-dependent induction of apoptosis resistance. The results suggest that T-antigen with or without sialic acid is essential to the antiapoptotic effect of MUC21.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.