Trial reportBMJ open2022
Cost-effectiveness of internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy in patients with cardiovascular disease and depressive symptoms: secondary analysis of an RCT.
Trial report in BMJ open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02778074 (Internet-guided Cognitive Behavioural Therapy to Improve Depression in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease), which is not on this map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Internet-guided Cognitive Behavioural Therapy to Improve Depression in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Face-to-Face and Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Patients with Heart Failure: an Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses.Current heart failure reports · 2026Pooled it
- Article
- Primary care and community interventions for multimorbidity involving depression or anxiety: systematic review with meta-analysis.BMJ medicine · 2026Article
- Health economic evaluations of digital health technologies-a rapid review of applied methods.Frontiers in digital health · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionCost-effectiveness evaluations of psychological interventions, such as internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy (iCBT) programmes, in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) are rare. We recently reported moderate to large effect sizes on depressive symptoms in CVD outpatients following a 9-week iCBT programme compared with an online discussion forum (ODF), in favour of iCBT. In this paper, we evaluate the cost-effectiveness of this intervention.
methodsCost-effectiveness analysis of a randomised controlled trial. The EQ-5D-3L was used to calculate quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). Data on healthcare costs were retrieved from healthcare registries.
resultsAt 12-month follow-up, the QALY was significantly higher in iCBT compared with the ODF group (0.713 vs 0.598, p=0.007). The mean difference of 0.115 corresponds with 42 extra days in best imaginable health status in favour of the iCBT group over the course of 1 year. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for iCBT versus ODF was €18 865 per QALY saved. The cost-effectiveness plane indicated that iCBT is a cheaper and more effective intervention in 24.5% of the cases, and in 75% a costlier and more effective intervention than ODF. Only in about 0.5% of the cases, there was an indication of a costlier, but less effective intervention compared with ODF.
conclusionsThe ICER of €18 865 was lower than the cost-effectiveness threshold range of €23 400-€35 100 as proposed by the NICE guidelines, suggesting that the iCBT treatment of depressive symptoms in patients with CVD is cost-effective. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT02778074; Post-results.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.