Observational studyNeurology2022
Association of Latitude and Exposure to Ultraviolet B Radiation With Severity of Multiple Sclerosis: An International Registry Study.
Abstract readObservational Study
In one paragraph
Observational study in Neurology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Geospatial analysis of environmental atmospheric risk factors in neurodegenerative diseases: a systematic review update.Systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Single-cell analysis of skin and blood reveals systemic immune responses to ultraviolet B and their impairment in MS.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Trial
- Distinct Multiomic Signatures of Environmental Exposure Drive Immune Dysregulation and Disease Activity in Early Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Temperature extremes and autoimmune diseases.Seminars in immunopathology · 2026Review
- Association of Demographic, Clinical, and Environmental Factors With Disease Severity in Adult Myasthenia Gravis: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Smoking, Comorbidities, and Low Sun Exposure Are Associated with Clinical and Radiological Outcomes in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis-A Four-Year Observational Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Action potential: Impact of climate change on neurological disease in Ireland.Irish journal of medical science · 2026Review
- The Burden of Multiple Sclerosis in Japan from 1990 to 2021 and Predictions to 2050 Based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.Neuroepidemiology · 2026Article
- The Mediating Role of Bioactive Molecules in Gut Microbiota-Bone Metabolism Crosstalk.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Lifestyle factors associated with benign multiple sclerosis.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry · 2025Article
- Ozone exposure and increased risk of age-related macular degeneration: Evidence from nationwide cohort and toxicological studies.Innovation (Cambridge (Mass.)) · 2025Article
- Assessment of the Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score and the Age-Related Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score as health indicators in a population-based cohort.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Article
- Continuing benefits of the Montreal Protocol and protection of the stratospheric ozone layer for human health and the environment.Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology · 2024Article
- Association between sun exposure habits and disease progression in multiple sclerosis.European journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Risk of dementia in older veterans with multiple sclerosis.Multiple sclerosis and related disorders · 2024Article
- The risk of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis is geographically determined but modifiable.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2023Article
- Impact of Alcohol Consumption on Multiple Sclerosis Using Model-based Standardization and Misclassification Adjustment Via Probabilistic Bias Analysis.Archives of Iranian medicine · 2023Article
- Article
- Current Updates on the Diagnosis and Management of Multiple Sclerosis for the General Neurologist.Journal of clinical neurology (Seoul, Korea) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
63 authors.
Marianna VitkovaFrom the CORe (M.V., I.D., C.M., P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne MS Centre (M.V.), Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia; Melbourne MS Centre (P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (D.H., E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia; Multiple Sclerosis Center (F.P.), University of Catania, Italy; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), Konak/Izmir, Turkey; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G. Izquierdo, S.E.), Sevilla, Spain; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center (INRC) (V.S.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Iran; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences (M.O.), University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (A.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (A.L.), Universita di Bologna, Italy; Division of Neurology (R. Alroughani), Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait; CHUM MS Center and Universite de Montreal (A.P., C.L., M.G., P.D.), Quebec, Canada; Medical Faculty (M.T.), Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun; KTU Medical Faculty Farabi Hospital (C. Boz), Trabzon, Turkey; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Longueuil, Quebec, Canada; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena (P.S.); Department of Biomedical (D.F.), Metabolic and Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy; CISSS Chaudière-Appalache (P.G.), Levis, Quebec, Canada; Central Clinical School (H.B.), Monash University; Department of Neurology (H.B., O.S.), The Alfred Hospital; Department of Neurology (K.B., O.S.), Box Hill Hospital, Eastern Health; Monash University (K.B., O.S.), Melbourne, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.I.Y.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon; Hacettepe University (R.K.), Ankara, Turkey; Zuyderland Medical Centre (O. Gerlach), Department of Neurologie, Dr. H. van der Hoffplein 1, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands; School of Medicine and Public Health (J.L.-S.), University Newcastle; Department of Neurology (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Health, Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (D.M.), Neurology Unit, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (R.B.), Pavia, Italy; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (V.V.P.), Brussels; Université Catholique de Louvain (V.V.P.), Belgium; Ospedali Riuniti di Salerno (G. Iuliano); UOC Neurologia (E. Cartechini), Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Marche-AV3, Macerata, Italy; Hospital de Sao Joao (M.J.S.), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; Nemocnice Jihlava (R. Ampapa), Jihlava, Czech Republic; Brain and Mind Centre (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Royal Victoria Hospital (S.E.H.), Belfast, UK; Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol (C.M.R.-T.), Badalona, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), Sydney, Australia; Liverpool Hospital and Ingham Institute (S.H.), Australia; Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino (D.L.A.S.), Italy; Kommunehospitalet (T.P.), Aarhus, Denmark; Monash Medical Centre (E.G.B.), Melbourne; Flinders University (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; University College Dublin and St. Vincent's University Hospital (C. McGuigan), Ireland; University of Queensland (P.A.M.); Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Medicine and Surgery (F.G.), University of Parma; Department of Emergency and General Medicine (F.G.), Parma University Hospital, Italy; Hospital Italiano (E. Cristiano), Buenos Aires, Argentina; CSSS Saint-Jérôme (J.P.), Saint-Jerome, Quebec, Canada; Royal Hobart Hospital (B.V.T.), Australia; Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo (J.L.S.Ã.-M.), Galdakao, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10; University Hospital Ghent (L.V.H.), Ghent, Belgium; Westmead Hospital (S.V.), Sydney; Austin Health (R.A.M.), Melbourne, Australia; South East Trust (O. Gray), Belfast, UK; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia (J.O.), Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain; Hospital Fernandez (N.D.), Capital Federal, Argentina; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (Y.D.F.), Santos, Brazil; and Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Geelong, Australia.
Ibrahima DioufFrom the CORe (M.V., I.D., C.M., P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne MS Centre (M.V.), Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia; Melbourne MS Centre (P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (D.H., E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia; Multiple Sclerosis Center (F.P.), University of Catania, Italy; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), Konak/Izmir, Turkey; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G. Izquierdo, S.E.), Sevilla, Spain; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center (INRC) (V.S.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Iran; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences (M.O.), University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (A.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (A.L.), Universita di Bologna, Italy; Division of Neurology (R. Alroughani), Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait; CHUM MS Center and Universite de Montreal (A.P., C.L., M.G., P.D.), Quebec, Canada; Medical Faculty (M.T.), Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun; KTU Medical Faculty Farabi Hospital (C. Boz), Trabzon, Turkey; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Longueuil, Quebec, Canada; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena (P.S.); Department of Biomedical (D.F.), Metabolic and Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy; CISSS Chaudière-Appalache (P.G.), Levis, Quebec, Canada; Central Clinical School (H.B.), Monash University; Department of Neurology (H.B., O.S.), The Alfred Hospital; Department of Neurology (K.B., O.S.), Box Hill Hospital, Eastern Health; Monash University (K.B., O.S.), Melbourne, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.I.Y.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon; Hacettepe University (R.K.), Ankara, Turkey; Zuyderland Medical Centre (O. Gerlach), Department of Neurologie, Dr. H. van der Hoffplein 1, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands; School of Medicine and Public Health (J.L.-S.), University Newcastle; Department of Neurology (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Health, Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (D.M.), Neurology Unit, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (R.B.), Pavia, Italy; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (V.V.P.), Brussels; Université Catholique de Louvain (V.V.P.), Belgium; Ospedali Riuniti di Salerno (G. Iuliano); UOC Neurologia (E. Cartechini), Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Marche-AV3, Macerata, Italy; Hospital de Sao Joao (M.J.S.), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; Nemocnice Jihlava (R. Ampapa), Jihlava, Czech Republic; Brain and Mind Centre (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Royal Victoria Hospital (S.E.H.), Belfast, UK; Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol (C.M.R.-T.), Badalona, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), Sydney, Australia; Liverpool Hospital and Ingham Institute (S.H.), Australia; Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino (D.L.A.S.), Italy; Kommunehospitalet (T.P.), Aarhus, Denmark; Monash Medical Centre (E.G.B.), Melbourne; Flinders University (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; University College Dublin and St. Vincent's University Hospital (C. McGuigan), Ireland; University of Queensland (P.A.M.); Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Medicine and Surgery (F.G.), University of Parma; Department of Emergency and General Medicine (F.G.), Parma University Hospital, Italy; Hospital Italiano (E. Cristiano), Buenos Aires, Argentina; CSSS Saint-Jérôme (J.P.), Saint-Jerome, Quebec, Canada; Royal Hobart Hospital (B.V.T.), Australia; Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo (J.L.S.Ã.-M.), Galdakao, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10; University Hospital Ghent (L.V.H.), Ghent, Belgium; Westmead Hospital (S.V.), Sydney; Austin Health (R.A.M.), Melbourne, Australia; South East Trust (O. Gray), Belfast, UK; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia (J.O.), Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain; Hospital Fernandez (N.D.), Capital Federal, Argentina; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (Y.D.F.), Santos, Brazil; and Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Geelong, Australia.
Charles MalpasFrom the CORe (M.V., I.D., C.M., P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne MS Centre (M.V.), Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia; Melbourne MS Centre (P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (D.H., E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia; Multiple Sclerosis Center (F.P.), University of Catania, Italy; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), Konak/Izmir, Turkey; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G. Izquierdo, S.E.), Sevilla, Spain; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center (INRC) (V.S.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Iran; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences (M.O.), University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (A.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (A.L.), Universita di Bologna, Italy; Division of Neurology (R. Alroughani), Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait; CHUM MS Center and Universite de Montreal (A.P., C.L., M.G., P.D.), Quebec, Canada; Medical Faculty (M.T.), Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun; KTU Medical Faculty Farabi Hospital (C. Boz), Trabzon, Turkey; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Longueuil, Quebec, Canada; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena (P.S.); Department of Biomedical (D.F.), Metabolic and Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy; CISSS Chaudière-Appalache (P.G.), Levis, Quebec, Canada; Central Clinical School (H.B.), Monash University; Department of Neurology (H.B., O.S.), The Alfred Hospital; Department of Neurology (K.B., O.S.), Box Hill Hospital, Eastern Health; Monash University (K.B., O.S.), Melbourne, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.I.Y.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon; Hacettepe University (R.K.), Ankara, Turkey; Zuyderland Medical Centre (O. Gerlach), Department of Neurologie, Dr. H. van der Hoffplein 1, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands; School of Medicine and Public Health (J.L.-S.), University Newcastle; Department of Neurology (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Health, Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (D.M.), Neurology Unit, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (R.B.), Pavia, Italy; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (V.V.P.), Brussels; Université Catholique de Louvain (V.V.P.), Belgium; Ospedali Riuniti di Salerno (G. Iuliano); UOC Neurologia (E. Cartechini), Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Marche-AV3, Macerata, Italy; Hospital de Sao Joao (M.J.S.), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; Nemocnice Jihlava (R. Ampapa), Jihlava, Czech Republic; Brain and Mind Centre (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Royal Victoria Hospital (S.E.H.), Belfast, UK; Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol (C.M.R.-T.), Badalona, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), Sydney, Australia; Liverpool Hospital and Ingham Institute (S.H.), Australia; Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino (D.L.A.S.), Italy; Kommunehospitalet (T.P.), Aarhus, Denmark; Monash Medical Centre (E.G.B.), Melbourne; Flinders University (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; University College Dublin and St. Vincent's University Hospital (C. McGuigan), Ireland; University of Queensland (P.A.M.); Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Medicine and Surgery (F.G.), University of Parma; Department of Emergency and General Medicine (F.G.), Parma University Hospital, Italy; Hospital Italiano (E. Cristiano), Buenos Aires, Argentina; CSSS Saint-Jérôme (J.P.), Saint-Jerome, Quebec, Canada; Royal Hobart Hospital (B.V.T.), Australia; Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo (J.L.S.Ã.-M.), Galdakao, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10; University Hospital Ghent (L.V.H.), Ghent, Belgium; Westmead Hospital (S.V.), Sydney; Austin Health (R.A.M.), Melbourne, Australia; South East Trust (O. Gray), Belfast, UK; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia (J.O.), Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain; Hospital Fernandez (N.D.), Capital Federal, Argentina; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (Y.D.F.), Santos, Brazil; and Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Geelong, Australia.
Dana HorakovaFrom the CORe (M.V., I.D., C.M., P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne MS Centre (M.V.), Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia; Melbourne MS Centre (P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (D.H., E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia; Multiple Sclerosis Center (F.P.), University of Catania, Italy; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), Konak/Izmir, Turkey; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G. Izquierdo, S.E.), Sevilla, Spain; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center (INRC) (V.S.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Iran; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences (M.O.), University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (A.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (A.L.), Universita di Bologna, Italy; Division of Neurology (R. Alroughani), Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait; CHUM MS Center and Universite de Montreal (A.P., C.L., M.G., P.D.), Quebec, Canada; Medical Faculty (M.T.), Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun; KTU Medical Faculty Farabi Hospital (C. Boz), Trabzon, Turkey; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Longueuil, Quebec, Canada; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena (P.S.); Department of Biomedical (D.F.), Metabolic and Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy; CISSS Chaudière-Appalache (P.G.), Levis, Quebec, Canada; Central Clinical School (H.B.), Monash University; Department of Neurology (H.B., O.S.), The Alfred Hospital; Department of Neurology (K.B., O.S.), Box Hill Hospital, Eastern Health; Monash University (K.B., O.S.), Melbourne, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.I.Y.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon; Hacettepe University (R.K.), Ankara, Turkey; Zuyderland Medical Centre (O. Gerlach), Department of Neurologie, Dr. H. van der Hoffplein 1, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands; School of Medicine and Public Health (J.L.-S.), University Newcastle; Department of Neurology (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Health, Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (D.M.), Neurology Unit, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (R.B.), Pavia, Italy; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (V.V.P.), Brussels; Université Catholique de Louvain (V.V.P.), Belgium; Ospedali Riuniti di Salerno (G. Iuliano); UOC Neurologia (E. Cartechini), Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Marche-AV3, Macerata, Italy; Hospital de Sao Joao (M.J.S.), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; Nemocnice Jihlava (R. Ampapa), Jihlava, Czech Republic; Brain and Mind Centre (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Royal Victoria Hospital (S.E.H.), Belfast, UK; Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol (C.M.R.-T.), Badalona, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), Sydney, Australia; Liverpool Hospital and Ingham Institute (S.H.), Australia; Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino (D.L.A.S.), Italy; Kommunehospitalet (T.P.), Aarhus, Denmark; Monash Medical Centre (E.G.B.), Melbourne; Flinders University (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; University College Dublin and St. Vincent's University Hospital (C. McGuigan), Ireland; University of Queensland (P.A.M.); Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Medicine and Surgery (F.G.), University of Parma; Department of Emergency and General Medicine (F.G.), Parma University Hospital, Italy; Hospital Italiano (E. Cristiano), Buenos Aires, Argentina; CSSS Saint-Jérôme (J.P.), Saint-Jerome, Quebec, Canada; Royal Hobart Hospital (B.V.T.), Australia; Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo (J.L.S.Ã.-M.), Galdakao, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10; University Hospital Ghent (L.V.H.), Ghent, Belgium; Westmead Hospital (S.V.), Sydney; Austin Health (R.A.M.), Melbourne, Australia; South East Trust (O. Gray), Belfast, UK; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia (J.O.), Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain; Hospital Fernandez (N.D.), Capital Federal, Argentina; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (Y.D.F.), Santos, Brazil; and Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Geelong, Australia.
Eva Kubala HavrdovaFrom the CORe (M.V., I.D., C.M., P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne MS Centre (M.V.), Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia; Melbourne MS Centre (P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (D.H., E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia; Multiple Sclerosis Center (F.P.), University of Catania, Italy; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), Konak/Izmir, Turkey; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G. Izquierdo, S.E.), Sevilla, Spain; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center (INRC) (V.S.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Iran; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences (M.O.), University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (A.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (A.L.), Universita di Bologna, Italy; Division of Neurology (R. Alroughani), Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait; CHUM MS Center and Universite de Montreal (A.P., C.L., M.G., P.D.), Quebec, Canada; Medical Faculty (M.T.), Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun; KTU Medical Faculty Farabi Hospital (C. Boz), Trabzon, Turkey; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Longueuil, Quebec, Canada; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena (P.S.); Department of Biomedical (D.F.), Metabolic and Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy; CISSS Chaudière-Appalache (P.G.), Levis, Quebec, Canada; Central Clinical School (H.B.), Monash University; Department of Neurology (H.B., O.S.), The Alfred Hospital; Department of Neurology (K.B., O.S.), Box Hill Hospital, Eastern Health; Monash University (K.B., O.S.), Melbourne, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.I.Y.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon; Hacettepe University (R.K.), Ankara, Turkey; Zuyderland Medical Centre (O. Gerlach), Department of Neurologie, Dr. H. van der Hoffplein 1, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands; School of Medicine and Public Health (J.L.-S.), University Newcastle; Department of Neurology (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Health, Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (D.M.), Neurology Unit, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (R.B.), Pavia, Italy; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (V.V.P.), Brussels; Université Catholique de Louvain (V.V.P.), Belgium; Ospedali Riuniti di Salerno (G. Iuliano); UOC Neurologia (E. Cartechini), Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Marche-AV3, Macerata, Italy; Hospital de Sao Joao (M.J.S.), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; Nemocnice Jihlava (R. Ampapa), Jihlava, Czech Republic; Brain and Mind Centre (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Royal Victoria Hospital (S.E.H.), Belfast, UK; Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol (C.M.R.-T.), Badalona, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), Sydney, Australia; Liverpool Hospital and Ingham Institute (S.H.), Australia; Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino (D.L.A.S.), Italy; Kommunehospitalet (T.P.), Aarhus, Denmark; Monash Medical Centre (E.G.B.), Melbourne; Flinders University (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; University College Dublin and St. Vincent's University Hospital (C. McGuigan), Ireland; University of Queensland (P.A.M.); Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Medicine and Surgery (F.G.), University of Parma; Department of Emergency and General Medicine (F.G.), Parma University Hospital, Italy; Hospital Italiano (E. Cristiano), Buenos Aires, Argentina; CSSS Saint-Jérôme (J.P.), Saint-Jerome, Quebec, Canada; Royal Hobart Hospital (B.V.T.), Australia; Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo (J.L.S.Ã.-M.), Galdakao, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10; University Hospital Ghent (L.V.H.), Ghent, Belgium; Westmead Hospital (S.V.), Sydney; Austin Health (R.A.M.), Melbourne, Australia; South East Trust (O. Gray), Belfast, UK; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia (J.O.), Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain; Hospital Fernandez (N.D.), Capital Federal, Argentina; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (Y.D.F.), Santos, Brazil; and Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Geelong, Australia.
Francesco PattiFrom the CORe (M.V., I.D., C.M., P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne MS Centre (M.V.), Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia; Melbourne MS Centre (P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (D.H., E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia; Multiple Sclerosis Center (F.P.), University of Catania, Italy; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), Konak/Izmir, Turkey; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G. Izquierdo, S.E.), Sevilla, Spain; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center (INRC) (V.S.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Iran; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences (M.O.), University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (A.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (A.L.), Universita di Bologna, Italy; Division of Neurology (R. Alroughani), Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait; CHUM MS Center and Universite de Montreal (A.P., C.L., M.G., P.D.), Quebec, Canada; Medical Faculty (M.T.), Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun; KTU Medical Faculty Farabi Hospital (C. Boz), Trabzon, Turkey; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Longueuil, Quebec, Canada; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena (P.S.); Department of Biomedical (D.F.), Metabolic and Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy; CISSS Chaudière-Appalache (P.G.), Levis, Quebec, Canada; Central Clinical School (H.B.), Monash University; Department of Neurology (H.B., O.S.), The Alfred Hospital; Department of Neurology (K.B., O.S.), Box Hill Hospital, Eastern Health; Monash University (K.B., O.S.), Melbourne, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.I.Y.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon; Hacettepe University (R.K.), Ankara, Turkey; Zuyderland Medical Centre (O. Gerlach), Department of Neurologie, Dr. H. van der Hoffplein 1, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands; School of Medicine and Public Health (J.L.-S.), University Newcastle; Department of Neurology (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Health, Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (D.M.), Neurology Unit, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (R.B.), Pavia, Italy; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (V.V.P.), Brussels; Université Catholique de Louvain (V.V.P.), Belgium; Ospedali Riuniti di Salerno (G. Iuliano); UOC Neurologia (E. Cartechini), Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Marche-AV3, Macerata, Italy; Hospital de Sao Joao (M.J.S.), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; Nemocnice Jihlava (R. Ampapa), Jihlava, Czech Republic; Brain and Mind Centre (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Royal Victoria Hospital (S.E.H.), Belfast, UK; Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol (C.M.R.-T.), Badalona, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), Sydney, Australia; Liverpool Hospital and Ingham Institute (S.H.), Australia; Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino (D.L.A.S.), Italy; Kommunehospitalet (T.P.), Aarhus, Denmark; Monash Medical Centre (E.G.B.), Melbourne; Flinders University (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; University College Dublin and St. Vincent's University Hospital (C. McGuigan), Ireland; University of Queensland (P.A.M.); Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Medicine and Surgery (F.G.), University of Parma; Department of Emergency and General Medicine (F.G.), Parma University Hospital, Italy; Hospital Italiano (E. Cristiano), Buenos Aires, Argentina; CSSS Saint-Jérôme (J.P.), Saint-Jerome, Quebec, Canada; Royal Hobart Hospital (B.V.T.), Australia; Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo (J.L.S.Ã.-M.), Galdakao, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10; University Hospital Ghent (L.V.H.), Ghent, Belgium; Westmead Hospital (S.V.), Sydney; Austin Health (R.A.M.), Melbourne, Australia; South East Trust (O. Gray), Belfast, UK; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia (J.O.), Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain; Hospital Fernandez (N.D.), Capital Federal, Argentina; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (Y.D.F.), Santos, Brazil; and Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Geelong, Australia.
Serkan OzakbasFrom the CORe (M.V., I.D., C.M., P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne MS Centre (M.V.), Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia; Melbourne MS Centre (P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (D.H., E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia; Multiple Sclerosis Center (F.P.), University of Catania, Italy; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), Konak/Izmir, Turkey; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G. Izquierdo, S.E.), Sevilla, Spain; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center (INRC) (V.S.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Iran; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences (M.O.), University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (A.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (A.L.), Universita di Bologna, Italy; Division of Neurology (R. Alroughani), Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait; CHUM MS Center and Universite de Montreal (A.P., C.L., M.G., P.D.), Quebec, Canada; Medical Faculty (M.T.), Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun; KTU Medical Faculty Farabi Hospital (C. Boz), Trabzon, Turkey; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Longueuil, Quebec, Canada; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena (P.S.); Department of Biomedical (D.F.), Metabolic and Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy; CISSS Chaudière-Appalache (P.G.), Levis, Quebec, Canada; Central Clinical School (H.B.), Monash University; Department of Neurology (H.B., O.S.), The Alfred Hospital; Department of Neurology (K.B., O.S.), Box Hill Hospital, Eastern Health; Monash University (K.B., O.S.), Melbourne, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.I.Y.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon; Hacettepe University (R.K.), Ankara, Turkey; Zuyderland Medical Centre (O. Gerlach), Department of Neurologie, Dr. H. van der Hoffplein 1, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands; School of Medicine and Public Health (J.L.-S.), University Newcastle; Department of Neurology (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Health, Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (D.M.), Neurology Unit, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (R.B.), Pavia, Italy; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (V.V.P.), Brussels; Université Catholique de Louvain (V.V.P.), Belgium; Ospedali Riuniti di Salerno (G. Iuliano); UOC Neurologia (E. Cartechini), Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Marche-AV3, Macerata, Italy; Hospital de Sao Joao (M.J.S.), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; Nemocnice Jihlava (R. Ampapa), Jihlava, Czech Republic; Brain and Mind Centre (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Royal Victoria Hospital (S.E.H.), Belfast, UK; Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol (C.M.R.-T.), Badalona, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), Sydney, Australia; Liverpool Hospital and Ingham Institute (S.H.), Australia; Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino (D.L.A.S.), Italy; Kommunehospitalet (T.P.), Aarhus, Denmark; Monash Medical Centre (E.G.B.), Melbourne; Flinders University (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; University College Dublin and St. Vincent's University Hospital (C. McGuigan), Ireland; University of Queensland (P.A.M.); Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Medicine and Surgery (F.G.), University of Parma; Department of Emergency and General Medicine (F.G.), Parma University Hospital, Italy; Hospital Italiano (E. Cristiano), Buenos Aires, Argentina; CSSS Saint-Jérôme (J.P.), Saint-Jerome, Quebec, Canada; Royal Hobart Hospital (B.V.T.), Australia; Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo (J.L.S.Ã.-M.), Galdakao, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10; University Hospital Ghent (L.V.H.), Ghent, Belgium; Westmead Hospital (S.V.), Sydney; Austin Health (R.A.M.), Melbourne, Australia; South East Trust (O. Gray), Belfast, UK; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia (J.O.), Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain; Hospital Fernandez (N.D.), Capital Federal, Argentina; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (Y.D.F.), Santos, Brazil; and Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Geelong, Australia.
Guillermo IzquierdoFrom the CORe (M.V., I.D., C.M., P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne MS Centre (M.V.), Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia; Melbourne MS Centre (P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (D.H., E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia; Multiple Sclerosis Center (F.P.), University of Catania, Italy; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), Konak/Izmir, Turkey; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G. Izquierdo, S.E.), Sevilla, Spain; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center (INRC) (V.S.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Iran; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences (M.O.), University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (A.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (A.L.), Universita di Bologna, Italy; Division of Neurology (R. Alroughani), Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait; CHUM MS Center and Universite de Montreal (A.P., C.L., M.G., P.D.), Quebec, Canada; Medical Faculty (M.T.), Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun; KTU Medical Faculty Farabi Hospital (C. Boz), Trabzon, Turkey; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Longueuil, Quebec, Canada; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena (P.S.); Department of Biomedical (D.F.), Metabolic and Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy; CISSS Chaudière-Appalache (P.G.), Levis, Quebec, Canada; Central Clinical School (H.B.), Monash University; Department of Neurology (H.B., O.S.), The Alfred Hospital; Department of Neurology (K.B., O.S.), Box Hill Hospital, Eastern Health; Monash University (K.B., O.S.), Melbourne, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.I.Y.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon; Hacettepe University (R.K.), Ankara, Turkey; Zuyderland Medical Centre (O. Gerlach), Department of Neurologie, Dr. H. van der Hoffplein 1, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands; School of Medicine and Public Health (J.L.-S.), University Newcastle; Department of Neurology (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Health, Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (D.M.), Neurology Unit, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (R.B.), Pavia, Italy; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (V.V.P.), Brussels; Université Catholique de Louvain (V.V.P.), Belgium; Ospedali Riuniti di Salerno (G. Iuliano); UOC Neurologia (E. Cartechini), Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Marche-AV3, Macerata, Italy; Hospital de Sao Joao (M.J.S.), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; Nemocnice Jihlava (R. Ampapa), Jihlava, Czech Republic; Brain and Mind Centre (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Royal Victoria Hospital (S.E.H.), Belfast, UK; Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol (C.M.R.-T.), Badalona, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), Sydney, Australia; Liverpool Hospital and Ingham Institute (S.H.), Australia; Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino (D.L.A.S.), Italy; Kommunehospitalet (T.P.), Aarhus, Denmark; Monash Medical Centre (E.G.B.), Melbourne; Flinders University (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; University College Dublin and St. Vincent's University Hospital (C. McGuigan), Ireland; University of Queensland (P.A.M.); Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Medicine and Surgery (F.G.), University of Parma; Department of Emergency and General Medicine (F.G.), Parma University Hospital, Italy; Hospital Italiano (E. Cristiano), Buenos Aires, Argentina; CSSS Saint-Jérôme (J.P.), Saint-Jerome, Quebec, Canada; Royal Hobart Hospital (B.V.T.), Australia; Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo (J.L.S.Ã.-M.), Galdakao, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10; University Hospital Ghent (L.V.H.), Ghent, Belgium; Westmead Hospital (S.V.), Sydney; Austin Health (R.A.M.), Melbourne, Australia; South East Trust (O. Gray), Belfast, UK; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia (J.O.), Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain; Hospital Fernandez (N.D.), Capital Federal, Argentina; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (Y.D.F.), Santos, Brazil; and Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Geelong, Australia.
Sara EichauFrom the CORe (M.V., I.D., C.M., P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne MS Centre (M.V.), Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia; Melbourne MS Centre (P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (D.H., E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia; Multiple Sclerosis Center (F.P.), University of Catania, Italy; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), Konak/Izmir, Turkey; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G. Izquierdo, S.E.), Sevilla, Spain; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center (INRC) (V.S.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Iran; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences (M.O.), University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (A.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (A.L.), Universita di Bologna, Italy; Division of Neurology (R. Alroughani), Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait; CHUM MS Center and Universite de Montreal (A.P., C.L., M.G., P.D.), Quebec, Canada; Medical Faculty (M.T.), Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun; KTU Medical Faculty Farabi Hospital (C. Boz), Trabzon, Turkey; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Longueuil, Quebec, Canada; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena (P.S.); Department of Biomedical (D.F.), Metabolic and Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy; CISSS Chaudière-Appalache (P.G.), Levis, Quebec, Canada; Central Clinical School (H.B.), Monash University; Department of Neurology (H.B., O.S.), The Alfred Hospital; Department of Neurology (K.B., O.S.), Box Hill Hospital, Eastern Health; Monash University (K.B., O.S.), Melbourne, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.I.Y.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon; Hacettepe University (R.K.), Ankara, Turkey; Zuyderland Medical Centre (O. Gerlach), Department of Neurologie, Dr. H. van der Hoffplein 1, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands; School of Medicine and Public Health (J.L.-S.), University Newcastle; Department of Neurology (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Health, Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (D.M.), Neurology Unit, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (R.B.), Pavia, Italy; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (V.V.P.), Brussels; Université Catholique de Louvain (V.V.P.), Belgium; Ospedali Riuniti di Salerno (G. Iuliano); UOC Neurologia (E. Cartechini), Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Marche-AV3, Macerata, Italy; Hospital de Sao Joao (M.J.S.), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; Nemocnice Jihlava (R. Ampapa), Jihlava, Czech Republic; Brain and Mind Centre (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Royal Victoria Hospital (S.E.H.), Belfast, UK; Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol (C.M.R.-T.), Badalona, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), Sydney, Australia; Liverpool Hospital and Ingham Institute (S.H.), Australia; Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino (D.L.A.S.), Italy; Kommunehospitalet (T.P.), Aarhus, Denmark; Monash Medical Centre (E.G.B.), Melbourne; Flinders University (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; University College Dublin and St. Vincent's University Hospital (C. McGuigan), Ireland; University of Queensland (P.A.M.); Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Medicine and Surgery (F.G.), University of Parma; Department of Emergency and General Medicine (F.G.), Parma University Hospital, Italy; Hospital Italiano (E. Cristiano), Buenos Aires, Argentina; CSSS Saint-Jérôme (J.P.), Saint-Jerome, Quebec, Canada; Royal Hobart Hospital (B.V.T.), Australia; Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo (J.L.S.Ã.-M.), Galdakao, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10; University Hospital Ghent (L.V.H.), Ghent, Belgium; Westmead Hospital (S.V.), Sydney; Austin Health (R.A.M.), Melbourne, Australia; South East Trust (O. Gray), Belfast, UK; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia (J.O.), Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain; Hospital Fernandez (N.D.), Capital Federal, Argentina; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (Y.D.F.), Santos, Brazil; and Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Geelong, Australia.
Vahid ShaygannejadFrom the CORe (M.V., I.D., C.M., P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne MS Centre (M.V.), Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia; Melbourne MS Centre (P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (D.H., E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia; Multiple Sclerosis Center (F.P.), University of Catania, Italy; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), Konak/Izmir, Turkey; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G. Izquierdo, S.E.), Sevilla, Spain; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center (INRC) (V.S.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Iran; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences (M.O.), University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (A.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (A.L.), Universita di Bologna, Italy; Division of Neurology (R. Alroughani), Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait; CHUM MS Center and Universite de Montreal (A.P., C.L., M.G., P.D.), Quebec, Canada; Medical Faculty (M.T.), Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun; KTU Medical Faculty Farabi Hospital (C. Boz), Trabzon, Turkey; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Longueuil, Quebec, Canada; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena (P.S.); Department of Biomedical (D.F.), Metabolic and Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy; CISSS Chaudière-Appalache (P.G.), Levis, Quebec, Canada; Central Clinical School (H.B.), Monash University; Department of Neurology (H.B., O.S.), The Alfred Hospital; Department of Neurology (K.B., O.S.), Box Hill Hospital, Eastern Health; Monash University (K.B., O.S.), Melbourne, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.I.Y.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon; Hacettepe University (R.K.), Ankara, Turkey; Zuyderland Medical Centre (O. Gerlach), Department of Neurologie, Dr. H. van der Hoffplein 1, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands; School of Medicine and Public Health (J.L.-S.), University Newcastle; Department of Neurology (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Health, Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (D.M.), Neurology Unit, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (R.B.), Pavia, Italy; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (V.V.P.), Brussels; Université Catholique de Louvain (V.V.P.), Belgium; Ospedali Riuniti di Salerno (G. Iuliano); UOC Neurologia (E. Cartechini), Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Marche-AV3, Macerata, Italy; Hospital de Sao Joao (M.J.S.), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; Nemocnice Jihlava (R. Ampapa), Jihlava, Czech Republic; Brain and Mind Centre (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Royal Victoria Hospital (S.E.H.), Belfast, UK; Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol (C.M.R.-T.), Badalona, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), Sydney, Australia; Liverpool Hospital and Ingham Institute (S.H.), Australia; Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino (D.L.A.S.), Italy; Kommunehospitalet (T.P.), Aarhus, Denmark; Monash Medical Centre (E.G.B.), Melbourne; Flinders University (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; University College Dublin and St. Vincent's University Hospital (C. McGuigan), Ireland; University of Queensland (P.A.M.); Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Medicine and Surgery (F.G.), University of Parma; Department of Emergency and General Medicine (F.G.), Parma University Hospital, Italy; Hospital Italiano (E. Cristiano), Buenos Aires, Argentina; CSSS Saint-Jérôme (J.P.), Saint-Jerome, Quebec, Canada; Royal Hobart Hospital (B.V.T.), Australia; Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo (J.L.S.Ã.-M.), Galdakao, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10; University Hospital Ghent (L.V.H.), Ghent, Belgium; Westmead Hospital (S.V.), Sydney; Austin Health (R.A.M.), Melbourne, Australia; South East Trust (O. Gray), Belfast, UK; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia (J.O.), Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain; Hospital Fernandez (N.D.), Capital Federal, Argentina; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (Y.D.F.), Santos, Brazil; and Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Geelong, Australia.
Marco OnofrjFrom the CORe (M.V., I.D., C.M., P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne MS Centre (M.V.), Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia; Melbourne MS Centre (P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (D.H., E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia; Multiple Sclerosis Center (F.P.), University of Catania, Italy; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), Konak/Izmir, Turkey; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G. Izquierdo, S.E.), Sevilla, Spain; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center (INRC) (V.S.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Iran; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences (M.O.), University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (A.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (A.L.), Universita di Bologna, Italy; Division of Neurology (R. Alroughani), Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait; CHUM MS Center and Universite de Montreal (A.P., C.L., M.G., P.D.), Quebec, Canada; Medical Faculty (M.T.), Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun; KTU Medical Faculty Farabi Hospital (C. Boz), Trabzon, Turkey; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Longueuil, Quebec, Canada; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena (P.S.); Department of Biomedical (D.F.), Metabolic and Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy; CISSS Chaudière-Appalache (P.G.), Levis, Quebec, Canada; Central Clinical School (H.B.), Monash University; Department of Neurology (H.B., O.S.), The Alfred Hospital; Department of Neurology (K.B., O.S.), Box Hill Hospital, Eastern Health; Monash University (K.B., O.S.), Melbourne, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.I.Y.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon; Hacettepe University (R.K.), Ankara, Turkey; Zuyderland Medical Centre (O. Gerlach), Department of Neurologie, Dr. H. van der Hoffplein 1, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands; School of Medicine and Public Health (J.L.-S.), University Newcastle; Department of Neurology (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Health, Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (D.M.), Neurology Unit, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (R.B.), Pavia, Italy; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (V.V.P.), Brussels; Université Catholique de Louvain (V.V.P.), Belgium; Ospedali Riuniti di Salerno (G. Iuliano); UOC Neurologia (E. Cartechini), Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Marche-AV3, Macerata, Italy; Hospital de Sao Joao (M.J.S.), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; Nemocnice Jihlava (R. Ampapa), Jihlava, Czech Republic; Brain and Mind Centre (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Royal Victoria Hospital (S.E.H.), Belfast, UK; Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol (C.M.R.-T.), Badalona, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), Sydney, Australia; Liverpool Hospital and Ingham Institute (S.H.), Australia; Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino (D.L.A.S.), Italy; Kommunehospitalet (T.P.), Aarhus, Denmark; Monash Medical Centre (E.G.B.), Melbourne; Flinders University (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; University College Dublin and St. Vincent's University Hospital (C. McGuigan), Ireland; University of Queensland (P.A.M.); Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Medicine and Surgery (F.G.), University of Parma; Department of Emergency and General Medicine (F.G.), Parma University Hospital, Italy; Hospital Italiano (E. Cristiano), Buenos Aires, Argentina; CSSS Saint-Jérôme (J.P.), Saint-Jerome, Quebec, Canada; Royal Hobart Hospital (B.V.T.), Australia; Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo (J.L.S.Ã.-M.), Galdakao, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10; University Hospital Ghent (L.V.H.), Ghent, Belgium; Westmead Hospital (S.V.), Sydney; Austin Health (R.A.M.), Melbourne, Australia; South East Trust (O. Gray), Belfast, UK; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia (J.O.), Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain; Hospital Fernandez (N.D.), Capital Federal, Argentina; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (Y.D.F.), Santos, Brazil; and Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Geelong, Australia.
Alessandra LugaresiFrom the CORe (M.V., I.D., C.M., P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne MS Centre (M.V.), Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia; Melbourne MS Centre (P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (D.H., E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia; Multiple Sclerosis Center (F.P.), University of Catania, Italy; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), Konak/Izmir, Turkey; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G. Izquierdo, S.E.), Sevilla, Spain; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center (INRC) (V.S.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Iran; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences (M.O.), University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (A.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (A.L.), Universita di Bologna, Italy; Division of Neurology (R. Alroughani), Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait; CHUM MS Center and Universite de Montreal (A.P., C.L., M.G., P.D.), Quebec, Canada; Medical Faculty (M.T.), Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun; KTU Medical Faculty Farabi Hospital (C. Boz), Trabzon, Turkey; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Longueuil, Quebec, Canada; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena (P.S.); Department of Biomedical (D.F.), Metabolic and Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy; CISSS Chaudière-Appalache (P.G.), Levis, Quebec, Canada; Central Clinical School (H.B.), Monash University; Department of Neurology (H.B., O.S.), The Alfred Hospital; Department of Neurology (K.B., O.S.), Box Hill Hospital, Eastern Health; Monash University (K.B., O.S.), Melbourne, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.I.Y.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon; Hacettepe University (R.K.), Ankara, Turkey; Zuyderland Medical Centre (O. Gerlach), Department of Neurologie, Dr. H. van der Hoffplein 1, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands; School of Medicine and Public Health (J.L.-S.), University Newcastle; Department of Neurology (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Health, Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (D.M.), Neurology Unit, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (R.B.), Pavia, Italy; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (V.V.P.), Brussels; Université Catholique de Louvain (V.V.P.), Belgium; Ospedali Riuniti di Salerno (G. Iuliano); UOC Neurologia (E. Cartechini), Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Marche-AV3, Macerata, Italy; Hospital de Sao Joao (M.J.S.), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; Nemocnice Jihlava (R. Ampapa), Jihlava, Czech Republic; Brain and Mind Centre (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Royal Victoria Hospital (S.E.H.), Belfast, UK; Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol (C.M.R.-T.), Badalona, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), Sydney, Australia; Liverpool Hospital and Ingham Institute (S.H.), Australia; Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino (D.L.A.S.), Italy; Kommunehospitalet (T.P.), Aarhus, Denmark; Monash Medical Centre (E.G.B.), Melbourne; Flinders University (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; University College Dublin and St. Vincent's University Hospital (C. McGuigan), Ireland; University of Queensland (P.A.M.); Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Medicine and Surgery (F.G.), University of Parma; Department of Emergency and General Medicine (F.G.), Parma University Hospital, Italy; Hospital Italiano (E. Cristiano), Buenos Aires, Argentina; CSSS Saint-Jérôme (J.P.), Saint-Jerome, Quebec, Canada; Royal Hobart Hospital (B.V.T.), Australia; Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo (J.L.S.Ã.-M.), Galdakao, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10; University Hospital Ghent (L.V.H.), Ghent, Belgium; Westmead Hospital (S.V.), Sydney; Austin Health (R.A.M.), Melbourne, Australia; South East Trust (O. Gray), Belfast, UK; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia (J.O.), Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain; Hospital Fernandez (N.D.), Capital Federal, Argentina; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (Y.D.F.), Santos, Brazil; and Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Geelong, Australia.
Raed AlroughaniFrom the CORe (M.V., I.D., C.M., P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne MS Centre (M.V.), Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia; Melbourne MS Centre (P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (D.H., E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia; Multiple Sclerosis Center (F.P.), University of Catania, Italy; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), Konak/Izmir, Turkey; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G. Izquierdo, S.E.), Sevilla, Spain; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center (INRC) (V.S.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Iran; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences (M.O.), University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (A.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (A.L.), Universita di Bologna, Italy; Division of Neurology (R. Alroughani), Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait; CHUM MS Center and Universite de Montreal (A.P., C.L., M.G., P.D.), Quebec, Canada; Medical Faculty (M.T.), Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun; KTU Medical Faculty Farabi Hospital (C. Boz), Trabzon, Turkey; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Longueuil, Quebec, Canada; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena (P.S.); Department of Biomedical (D.F.), Metabolic and Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy; CISSS Chaudière-Appalache (P.G.), Levis, Quebec, Canada; Central Clinical School (H.B.), Monash University; Department of Neurology (H.B., O.S.), The Alfred Hospital; Department of Neurology (K.B., O.S.), Box Hill Hospital, Eastern Health; Monash University (K.B., O.S.), Melbourne, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.I.Y.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon; Hacettepe University (R.K.), Ankara, Turkey; Zuyderland Medical Centre (O. Gerlach), Department of Neurologie, Dr. H. van der Hoffplein 1, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands; School of Medicine and Public Health (J.L.-S.), University Newcastle; Department of Neurology (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Health, Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (D.M.), Neurology Unit, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (R.B.), Pavia, Italy; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (V.V.P.), Brussels; Université Catholique de Louvain (V.V.P.), Belgium; Ospedali Riuniti di Salerno (G. Iuliano); UOC Neurologia (E. Cartechini), Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Marche-AV3, Macerata, Italy; Hospital de Sao Joao (M.J.S.), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; Nemocnice Jihlava (R. Ampapa), Jihlava, Czech Republic; Brain and Mind Centre (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Royal Victoria Hospital (S.E.H.), Belfast, UK; Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol (C.M.R.-T.), Badalona, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), Sydney, Australia; Liverpool Hospital and Ingham Institute (S.H.), Australia; Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino (D.L.A.S.), Italy; Kommunehospitalet (T.P.), Aarhus, Denmark; Monash Medical Centre (E.G.B.), Melbourne; Flinders University (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; University College Dublin and St. Vincent's University Hospital (C. McGuigan), Ireland; University of Queensland (P.A.M.); Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Medicine and Surgery (F.G.), University of Parma; Department of Emergency and General Medicine (F.G.), Parma University Hospital, Italy; Hospital Italiano (E. Cristiano), Buenos Aires, Argentina; CSSS Saint-Jérôme (J.P.), Saint-Jerome, Quebec, Canada; Royal Hobart Hospital (B.V.T.), Australia; Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo (J.L.S.Ã.-M.), Galdakao, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10; University Hospital Ghent (L.V.H.), Ghent, Belgium; Westmead Hospital (S.V.), Sydney; Austin Health (R.A.M.), Melbourne, Australia; South East Trust (O. Gray), Belfast, UK; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia (J.O.), Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain; Hospital Fernandez (N.D.), Capital Federal, Argentina; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (Y.D.F.), Santos, Brazil; and Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Geelong, Australia.
Alexandre PratFrom the CORe (M.V., I.D., C.M., P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne MS Centre (M.V.), Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia; Melbourne MS Centre (P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (D.H., E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia; Multiple Sclerosis Center (F.P.), University of Catania, Italy; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), Konak/Izmir, Turkey; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G. Izquierdo, S.E.), Sevilla, Spain; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center (INRC) (V.S.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Iran; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences (M.O.), University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (A.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (A.L.), Universita di Bologna, Italy; Division of Neurology (R. Alroughani), Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait; CHUM MS Center and Universite de Montreal (A.P., C.L., M.G., P.D.), Quebec, Canada; Medical Faculty (M.T.), Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun; KTU Medical Faculty Farabi Hospital (C. Boz), Trabzon, Turkey; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Longueuil, Quebec, Canada; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena (P.S.); Department of Biomedical (D.F.), Metabolic and Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy; CISSS Chaudière-Appalache (P.G.), Levis, Quebec, Canada; Central Clinical School (H.B.), Monash University; Department of Neurology (H.B., O.S.), The Alfred Hospital; Department of Neurology (K.B., O.S.), Box Hill Hospital, Eastern Health; Monash University (K.B., O.S.), Melbourne, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.I.Y.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon; Hacettepe University (R.K.), Ankara, Turkey; Zuyderland Medical Centre (O. Gerlach), Department of Neurologie, Dr. H. van der Hoffplein 1, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands; School of Medicine and Public Health (J.L.-S.), University Newcastle; Department of Neurology (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Health, Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (D.M.), Neurology Unit, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (R.B.), Pavia, Italy; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (V.V.P.), Brussels; Université Catholique de Louvain (V.V.P.), Belgium; Ospedali Riuniti di Salerno (G. Iuliano); UOC Neurologia (E. Cartechini), Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Marche-AV3, Macerata, Italy; Hospital de Sao Joao (M.J.S.), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; Nemocnice Jihlava (R. Ampapa), Jihlava, Czech Republic; Brain and Mind Centre (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Royal Victoria Hospital (S.E.H.), Belfast, UK; Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol (C.M.R.-T.), Badalona, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), Sydney, Australia; Liverpool Hospital and Ingham Institute (S.H.), Australia; Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino (D.L.A.S.), Italy; Kommunehospitalet (T.P.), Aarhus, Denmark; Monash Medical Centre (E.G.B.), Melbourne; Flinders University (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; University College Dublin and St. Vincent's University Hospital (C. McGuigan), Ireland; University of Queensland (P.A.M.); Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Medicine and Surgery (F.G.), University of Parma; Department of Emergency and General Medicine (F.G.), Parma University Hospital, Italy; Hospital Italiano (E. Cristiano), Buenos Aires, Argentina; CSSS Saint-Jérôme (J.P.), Saint-Jerome, Quebec, Canada; Royal Hobart Hospital (B.V.T.), Australia; Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo (J.L.S.Ã.-M.), Galdakao, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10; University Hospital Ghent (L.V.H.), Ghent, Belgium; Westmead Hospital (S.V.), Sydney; Austin Health (R.A.M.), Melbourne, Australia; South East Trust (O. Gray), Belfast, UK; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia (J.O.), Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain; Hospital Fernandez (N.D.), Capital Federal, Argentina; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (Y.D.F.), Santos, Brazil; and Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Geelong, Australia.
Catherine LarochelleFrom the CORe (M.V., I.D., C.M., P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne MS Centre (M.V.), Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia; Melbourne MS Centre (P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (D.H., E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia; Multiple Sclerosis Center (F.P.), University of Catania, Italy; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), Konak/Izmir, Turkey; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G. Izquierdo, S.E.), Sevilla, Spain; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center (INRC) (V.S.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Iran; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences (M.O.), University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (A.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (A.L.), Universita di Bologna, Italy; Division of Neurology (R. Alroughani), Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait; CHUM MS Center and Universite de Montreal (A.P., C.L., M.G., P.D.), Quebec, Canada; Medical Faculty (M.T.), Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun; KTU Medical Faculty Farabi Hospital (C. Boz), Trabzon, Turkey; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Longueuil, Quebec, Canada; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena (P.S.); Department of Biomedical (D.F.), Metabolic and Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy; CISSS Chaudière-Appalache (P.G.), Levis, Quebec, Canada; Central Clinical School (H.B.), Monash University; Department of Neurology (H.B., O.S.), The Alfred Hospital; Department of Neurology (K.B., O.S.), Box Hill Hospital, Eastern Health; Monash University (K.B., O.S.), Melbourne, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.I.Y.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon; Hacettepe University (R.K.), Ankara, Turkey; Zuyderland Medical Centre (O. Gerlach), Department of Neurologie, Dr. H. van der Hoffplein 1, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands; School of Medicine and Public Health (J.L.-S.), University Newcastle; Department of Neurology (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Health, Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (D.M.), Neurology Unit, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (R.B.), Pavia, Italy; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (V.V.P.), Brussels; Université Catholique de Louvain (V.V.P.), Belgium; Ospedali Riuniti di Salerno (G. Iuliano); UOC Neurologia (E. Cartechini), Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Marche-AV3, Macerata, Italy; Hospital de Sao Joao (M.J.S.), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; Nemocnice Jihlava (R. Ampapa), Jihlava, Czech Republic; Brain and Mind Centre (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Royal Victoria Hospital (S.E.H.), Belfast, UK; Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol (C.M.R.-T.), Badalona, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), Sydney, Australia; Liverpool Hospital and Ingham Institute (S.H.), Australia; Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino (D.L.A.S.), Italy; Kommunehospitalet (T.P.), Aarhus, Denmark; Monash Medical Centre (E.G.B.), Melbourne; Flinders University (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; University College Dublin and St. Vincent's University Hospital (C. McGuigan), Ireland; University of Queensland (P.A.M.); Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Medicine and Surgery (F.G.), University of Parma; Department of Emergency and General Medicine (F.G.), Parma University Hospital, Italy; Hospital Italiano (E. Cristiano), Buenos Aires, Argentina; CSSS Saint-Jérôme (J.P.), Saint-Jerome, Quebec, Canada; Royal Hobart Hospital (B.V.T.), Australia; Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo (J.L.S.Ã.-M.), Galdakao, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10; University Hospital Ghent (L.V.H.), Ghent, Belgium; Westmead Hospital (S.V.), Sydney; Austin Health (R.A.M.), Melbourne, Australia; South East Trust (O. Gray), Belfast, UK; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia (J.O.), Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain; Hospital Fernandez (N.D.), Capital Federal, Argentina; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (Y.D.F.), Santos, Brazil; and Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Geelong, Australia.
Marc GirardFrom the CORe (M.V., I.D., C.M., P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne MS Centre (M.V.), Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia; Melbourne MS Centre (P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (D.H., E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia; Multiple Sclerosis Center (F.P.), University of Catania, Italy; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), Konak/Izmir, Turkey; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G. Izquierdo, S.E.), Sevilla, Spain; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center (INRC) (V.S.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Iran; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences (M.O.), University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (A.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (A.L.), Universita di Bologna, Italy; Division of Neurology (R. Alroughani), Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait; CHUM MS Center and Universite de Montreal (A.P., C.L., M.G., P.D.), Quebec, Canada; Medical Faculty (M.T.), Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun; KTU Medical Faculty Farabi Hospital (C. Boz), Trabzon, Turkey; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Longueuil, Quebec, Canada; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena (P.S.); Department of Biomedical (D.F.), Metabolic and Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy; CISSS Chaudière-Appalache (P.G.), Levis, Quebec, Canada; Central Clinical School (H.B.), Monash University; Department of Neurology (H.B., O.S.), The Alfred Hospital; Department of Neurology (K.B., O.S.), Box Hill Hospital, Eastern Health; Monash University (K.B., O.S.), Melbourne, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.I.Y.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon; Hacettepe University (R.K.), Ankara, Turkey; Zuyderland Medical Centre (O. Gerlach), Department of Neurologie, Dr. H. van der Hoffplein 1, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands; School of Medicine and Public Health (J.L.-S.), University Newcastle; Department of Neurology (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Health, Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (D.M.), Neurology Unit, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (R.B.), Pavia, Italy; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (V.V.P.), Brussels; Université Catholique de Louvain (V.V.P.), Belgium; Ospedali Riuniti di Salerno (G. Iuliano); UOC Neurologia (E. Cartechini), Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Marche-AV3, Macerata, Italy; Hospital de Sao Joao (M.J.S.), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; Nemocnice Jihlava (R. Ampapa), Jihlava, Czech Republic; Brain and Mind Centre (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Royal Victoria Hospital (S.E.H.), Belfast, UK; Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol (C.M.R.-T.), Badalona, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), Sydney, Australia; Liverpool Hospital and Ingham Institute (S.H.), Australia; Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino (D.L.A.S.), Italy; Kommunehospitalet (T.P.), Aarhus, Denmark; Monash Medical Centre (E.G.B.), Melbourne; Flinders University (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; University College Dublin and St. Vincent's University Hospital (C. McGuigan), Ireland; University of Queensland (P.A.M.); Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Medicine and Surgery (F.G.), University of Parma; Department of Emergency and General Medicine (F.G.), Parma University Hospital, Italy; Hospital Italiano (E. Cristiano), Buenos Aires, Argentina; CSSS Saint-Jérôme (J.P.), Saint-Jerome, Quebec, Canada; Royal Hobart Hospital (B.V.T.), Australia; Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo (J.L.S.Ã.-M.), Galdakao, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10; University Hospital Ghent (L.V.H.), Ghent, Belgium; Westmead Hospital (S.V.), Sydney; Austin Health (R.A.M.), Melbourne, Australia; South East Trust (O. Gray), Belfast, UK; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia (J.O.), Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain; Hospital Fernandez (N.D.), Capital Federal, Argentina; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (Y.D.F.), Santos, Brazil; and Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Geelong, Australia.
Pierre DuquetteFrom the CORe (M.V., I.D., C.M., P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne MS Centre (M.V.), Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia; Melbourne MS Centre (P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (D.H., E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia; Multiple Sclerosis Center (F.P.), University of Catania, Italy; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), Konak/Izmir, Turkey; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G. Izquierdo, S.E.), Sevilla, Spain; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center (INRC) (V.S.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Iran; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences (M.O.), University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (A.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (A.L.), Universita di Bologna, Italy; Division of Neurology (R. Alroughani), Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait; CHUM MS Center and Universite de Montreal (A.P., C.L., M.G., P.D.), Quebec, Canada; Medical Faculty (M.T.), Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun; KTU Medical Faculty Farabi Hospital (C. Boz), Trabzon, Turkey; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Longueuil, Quebec, Canada; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena (P.S.); Department of Biomedical (D.F.), Metabolic and Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy; CISSS Chaudière-Appalache (P.G.), Levis, Quebec, Canada; Central Clinical School (H.B.), Monash University; Department of Neurology (H.B., O.S.), The Alfred Hospital; Department of Neurology (K.B., O.S.), Box Hill Hospital, Eastern Health; Monash University (K.B., O.S.), Melbourne, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.I.Y.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon; Hacettepe University (R.K.), Ankara, Turkey; Zuyderland Medical Centre (O. Gerlach), Department of Neurologie, Dr. H. van der Hoffplein 1, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands; School of Medicine and Public Health (J.L.-S.), University Newcastle; Department of Neurology (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Health, Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (D.M.), Neurology Unit, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (R.B.), Pavia, Italy; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (V.V.P.), Brussels; Université Catholique de Louvain (V.V.P.), Belgium; Ospedali Riuniti di Salerno (G. Iuliano); UOC Neurologia (E. Cartechini), Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Marche-AV3, Macerata, Italy; Hospital de Sao Joao (M.J.S.), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; Nemocnice Jihlava (R. Ampapa), Jihlava, Czech Republic; Brain and Mind Centre (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Royal Victoria Hospital (S.E.H.), Belfast, UK; Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol (C.M.R.-T.), Badalona, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), Sydney, Australia; Liverpool Hospital and Ingham Institute (S.H.), Australia; Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino (D.L.A.S.), Italy; Kommunehospitalet (T.P.), Aarhus, Denmark; Monash Medical Centre (E.G.B.), Melbourne; Flinders University (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; University College Dublin and St. Vincent's University Hospital (C. McGuigan), Ireland; University of Queensland (P.A.M.); Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Medicine and Surgery (F.G.), University of Parma; Department of Emergency and General Medicine (F.G.), Parma University Hospital, Italy; Hospital Italiano (E. Cristiano), Buenos Aires, Argentina; CSSS Saint-Jérôme (J.P.), Saint-Jerome, Quebec, Canada; Royal Hobart Hospital (B.V.T.), Australia; Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo (J.L.S.Ã.-M.), Galdakao, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10; University Hospital Ghent (L.V.H.), Ghent, Belgium; Westmead Hospital (S.V.), Sydney; Austin Health (R.A.M.), Melbourne, Australia; South East Trust (O. Gray), Belfast, UK; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia (J.O.), Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain; Hospital Fernandez (N.D.), Capital Federal, Argentina; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (Y.D.F.), Santos, Brazil; and Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Geelong, Australia.
Murat TerziFrom the CORe (M.V., I.D., C.M., P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne MS Centre (M.V.), Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia; Melbourne MS Centre (P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (D.H., E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia; Multiple Sclerosis Center (F.P.), University of Catania, Italy; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), Konak/Izmir, Turkey; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G. Izquierdo, S.E.), Sevilla, Spain; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center (INRC) (V.S.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Iran; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences (M.O.), University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (A.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (A.L.), Universita di Bologna, Italy; Division of Neurology (R. Alroughani), Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait; CHUM MS Center and Universite de Montreal (A.P., C.L., M.G., P.D.), Quebec, Canada; Medical Faculty (M.T.), Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun; KTU Medical Faculty Farabi Hospital (C. Boz), Trabzon, Turkey; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Longueuil, Quebec, Canada; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena (P.S.); Department of Biomedical (D.F.), Metabolic and Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy; CISSS Chaudière-Appalache (P.G.), Levis, Quebec, Canada; Central Clinical School (H.B.), Monash University; Department of Neurology (H.B., O.S.), The Alfred Hospital; Department of Neurology (K.B., O.S.), Box Hill Hospital, Eastern Health; Monash University (K.B., O.S.), Melbourne, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.I.Y.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon; Hacettepe University (R.K.), Ankara, Turkey; Zuyderland Medical Centre (O. Gerlach), Department of Neurologie, Dr. H. van der Hoffplein 1, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands; School of Medicine and Public Health (J.L.-S.), University Newcastle; Department of Neurology (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Health, Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (D.M.), Neurology Unit, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (R.B.), Pavia, Italy; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (V.V.P.), Brussels; Université Catholique de Louvain (V.V.P.), Belgium; Ospedali Riuniti di Salerno (G. Iuliano); UOC Neurologia (E. Cartechini), Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Marche-AV3, Macerata, Italy; Hospital de Sao Joao (M.J.S.), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; Nemocnice Jihlava (R. Ampapa), Jihlava, Czech Republic; Brain and Mind Centre (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Royal Victoria Hospital (S.E.H.), Belfast, UK; Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol (C.M.R.-T.), Badalona, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), Sydney, Australia; Liverpool Hospital and Ingham Institute (S.H.), Australia; Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino (D.L.A.S.), Italy; Kommunehospitalet (T.P.), Aarhus, Denmark; Monash Medical Centre (E.G.B.), Melbourne; Flinders University (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; University College Dublin and St. Vincent's University Hospital (C. McGuigan), Ireland; University of Queensland (P.A.M.); Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Medicine and Surgery (F.G.), University of Parma; Department of Emergency and General Medicine (F.G.), Parma University Hospital, Italy; Hospital Italiano (E. Cristiano), Buenos Aires, Argentina; CSSS Saint-Jérôme (J.P.), Saint-Jerome, Quebec, Canada; Royal Hobart Hospital (B.V.T.), Australia; Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo (J.L.S.Ã.-M.), Galdakao, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10; University Hospital Ghent (L.V.H.), Ghent, Belgium; Westmead Hospital (S.V.), Sydney; Austin Health (R.A.M.), Melbourne, Australia; South East Trust (O. Gray), Belfast, UK; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia (J.O.), Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain; Hospital Fernandez (N.D.), Capital Federal, Argentina; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (Y.D.F.), Santos, Brazil; and Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Geelong, Australia.
Cavit BozFrom the CORe (M.V., I.D., C.M., P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne MS Centre (M.V.), Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia; Melbourne MS Centre (P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (D.H., E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia; Multiple Sclerosis Center (F.P.), University of Catania, Italy; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), Konak/Izmir, Turkey; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G. Izquierdo, S.E.), Sevilla, Spain; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center (INRC) (V.S.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Iran; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences (M.O.), University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (A.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (A.L.), Universita di Bologna, Italy; Division of Neurology (R. Alroughani), Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait; CHUM MS Center and Universite de Montreal (A.P., C.L., M.G., P.D.), Quebec, Canada; Medical Faculty (M.T.), Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun; KTU Medical Faculty Farabi Hospital (C. Boz), Trabzon, Turkey; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Longueuil, Quebec, Canada; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena (P.S.); Department of Biomedical (D.F.), Metabolic and Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy; CISSS Chaudière-Appalache (P.G.), Levis, Quebec, Canada; Central Clinical School (H.B.), Monash University; Department of Neurology (H.B., O.S.), The Alfred Hospital; Department of Neurology (K.B., O.S.), Box Hill Hospital, Eastern Health; Monash University (K.B., O.S.), Melbourne, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.I.Y.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon; Hacettepe University (R.K.), Ankara, Turkey; Zuyderland Medical Centre (O. Gerlach), Department of Neurologie, Dr. H. van der Hoffplein 1, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands; School of Medicine and Public Health (J.L.-S.), University Newcastle; Department of Neurology (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Health, Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (D.M.), Neurology Unit, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (R.B.), Pavia, Italy; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (V.V.P.), Brussels; Université Catholique de Louvain (V.V.P.), Belgium; Ospedali Riuniti di Salerno (G. Iuliano); UOC Neurologia (E. Cartechini), Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Marche-AV3, Macerata, Italy; Hospital de Sao Joao (M.J.S.), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; Nemocnice Jihlava (R. Ampapa), Jihlava, Czech Republic; Brain and Mind Centre (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Royal Victoria Hospital (S.E.H.), Belfast, UK; Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol (C.M.R.-T.), Badalona, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), Sydney, Australia; Liverpool Hospital and Ingham Institute (S.H.), Australia; Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino (D.L.A.S.), Italy; Kommunehospitalet (T.P.), Aarhus, Denmark; Monash Medical Centre (E.G.B.), Melbourne; Flinders University (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; University College Dublin and St. Vincent's University Hospital (C. McGuigan), Ireland; University of Queensland (P.A.M.); Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Medicine and Surgery (F.G.), University of Parma; Department of Emergency and General Medicine (F.G.), Parma University Hospital, Italy; Hospital Italiano (E. Cristiano), Buenos Aires, Argentina; CSSS Saint-Jérôme (J.P.), Saint-Jerome, Quebec, Canada; Royal Hobart Hospital (B.V.T.), Australia; Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo (J.L.S.Ã.-M.), Galdakao, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10; University Hospital Ghent (L.V.H.), Ghent, Belgium; Westmead Hospital (S.V.), Sydney; Austin Health (R.A.M.), Melbourne, Australia; South East Trust (O. Gray), Belfast, UK; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia (J.O.), Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain; Hospital Fernandez (N.D.), Capital Federal, Argentina; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (Y.D.F.), Santos, Brazil; and Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Geelong, Australia.
Francois Grand'MaisonFrom the CORe (M.V., I.D., C.M., P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne MS Centre (M.V.), Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia; Melbourne MS Centre (P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (D.H., E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia; Multiple Sclerosis Center (F.P.), University of Catania, Italy; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), Konak/Izmir, Turkey; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G. Izquierdo, S.E.), Sevilla, Spain; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center (INRC) (V.S.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Iran; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences (M.O.), University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (A.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (A.L.), Universita di Bologna, Italy; Division of Neurology (R. Alroughani), Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait; CHUM MS Center and Universite de Montreal (A.P., C.L., M.G., P.D.), Quebec, Canada; Medical Faculty (M.T.), Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun; KTU Medical Faculty Farabi Hospital (C. Boz), Trabzon, Turkey; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Longueuil, Quebec, Canada; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena (P.S.); Department of Biomedical (D.F.), Metabolic and Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy; CISSS Chaudière-Appalache (P.G.), Levis, Quebec, Canada; Central Clinical School (H.B.), Monash University; Department of Neurology (H.B., O.S.), The Alfred Hospital; Department of Neurology (K.B., O.S.), Box Hill Hospital, Eastern Health; Monash University (K.B., O.S.), Melbourne, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.I.Y.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon; Hacettepe University (R.K.), Ankara, Turkey; Zuyderland Medical Centre (O. Gerlach), Department of Neurologie, Dr. H. van der Hoffplein 1, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands; School of Medicine and Public Health (J.L.-S.), University Newcastle; Department of Neurology (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Health, Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (D.M.), Neurology Unit, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (R.B.), Pavia, Italy; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (V.V.P.), Brussels; Université Catholique de Louvain (V.V.P.), Belgium; Ospedali Riuniti di Salerno (G. Iuliano); UOC Neurologia (E. Cartechini), Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Marche-AV3, Macerata, Italy; Hospital de Sao Joao (M.J.S.), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; Nemocnice Jihlava (R. Ampapa), Jihlava, Czech Republic; Brain and Mind Centre (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Royal Victoria Hospital (S.E.H.), Belfast, UK; Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol (C.M.R.-T.), Badalona, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), Sydney, Australia; Liverpool Hospital and Ingham Institute (S.H.), Australia; Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino (D.L.A.S.), Italy; Kommunehospitalet (T.P.), Aarhus, Denmark; Monash Medical Centre (E.G.B.), Melbourne; Flinders University (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; University College Dublin and St. Vincent's University Hospital (C. McGuigan), Ireland; University of Queensland (P.A.M.); Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Medicine and Surgery (F.G.), University of Parma; Department of Emergency and General Medicine (F.G.), Parma University Hospital, Italy; Hospital Italiano (E. Cristiano), Buenos Aires, Argentina; CSSS Saint-Jérôme (J.P.), Saint-Jerome, Quebec, Canada; Royal Hobart Hospital (B.V.T.), Australia; Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo (J.L.S.Ã.-M.), Galdakao, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10; University Hospital Ghent (L.V.H.), Ghent, Belgium; Westmead Hospital (S.V.), Sydney; Austin Health (R.A.M.), Melbourne, Australia; South East Trust (O. Gray), Belfast, UK; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia (J.O.), Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain; Hospital Fernandez (N.D.), Capital Federal, Argentina; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (Y.D.F.), Santos, Brazil; and Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Geelong, Australia.
Patrizia SolaFrom the CORe (M.V., I.D., C.M., P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne MS Centre (M.V.), Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia; Melbourne MS Centre (P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (D.H., E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia; Multiple Sclerosis Center (F.P.), University of Catania, Italy; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), Konak/Izmir, Turkey; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G. Izquierdo, S.E.), Sevilla, Spain; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center (INRC) (V.S.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Iran; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences (M.O.), University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (A.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (A.L.), Universita di Bologna, Italy; Division of Neurology (R. Alroughani), Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait; CHUM MS Center and Universite de Montreal (A.P., C.L., M.G., P.D.), Quebec, Canada; Medical Faculty (M.T.), Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun; KTU Medical Faculty Farabi Hospital (C. Boz), Trabzon, Turkey; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Longueuil, Quebec, Canada; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena (P.S.); Department of Biomedical (D.F.), Metabolic and Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy; CISSS Chaudière-Appalache (P.G.), Levis, Quebec, Canada; Central Clinical School (H.B.), Monash University; Department of Neurology (H.B., O.S.), The Alfred Hospital; Department of Neurology (K.B., O.S.), Box Hill Hospital, Eastern Health; Monash University (K.B., O.S.), Melbourne, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.I.Y.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon; Hacettepe University (R.K.), Ankara, Turkey; Zuyderland Medical Centre (O. Gerlach), Department of Neurologie, Dr. H. van der Hoffplein 1, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands; School of Medicine and Public Health (J.L.-S.), University Newcastle; Department of Neurology (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Health, Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (D.M.), Neurology Unit, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (R.B.), Pavia, Italy; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (V.V.P.), Brussels; Université Catholique de Louvain (V.V.P.), Belgium; Ospedali Riuniti di Salerno (G. Iuliano); UOC Neurologia (E. Cartechini), Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Marche-AV3, Macerata, Italy; Hospital de Sao Joao (M.J.S.), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; Nemocnice Jihlava (R. Ampapa), Jihlava, Czech Republic; Brain and Mind Centre (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Royal Victoria Hospital (S.E.H.), Belfast, UK; Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol (C.M.R.-T.), Badalona, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), Sydney, Australia; Liverpool Hospital and Ingham Institute (S.H.), Australia; Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino (D.L.A.S.), Italy; Kommunehospitalet (T.P.), Aarhus, Denmark; Monash Medical Centre (E.G.B.), Melbourne; Flinders University (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; University College Dublin and St. Vincent's University Hospital (C. McGuigan), Ireland; University of Queensland (P.A.M.); Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Medicine and Surgery (F.G.), University of Parma; Department of Emergency and General Medicine (F.G.), Parma University Hospital, Italy; Hospital Italiano (E. Cristiano), Buenos Aires, Argentina; CSSS Saint-Jérôme (J.P.), Saint-Jerome, Quebec, Canada; Royal Hobart Hospital (B.V.T.), Australia; Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo (J.L.S.Ã.-M.), Galdakao, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10; University Hospital Ghent (L.V.H.), Ghent, Belgium; Westmead Hospital (S.V.), Sydney; Austin Health (R.A.M.), Melbourne, Australia; South East Trust (O. Gray), Belfast, UK; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia (J.O.), Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain; Hospital Fernandez (N.D.), Capital Federal, Argentina; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (Y.D.F.), Santos, Brazil; and Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Geelong, Australia.
Diana FerraroFrom the CORe (M.V., I.D., C.M., P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne MS Centre (M.V.), Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia; Melbourne MS Centre (P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (D.H., E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia; Multiple Sclerosis Center (F.P.), University of Catania, Italy; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), Konak/Izmir, Turkey; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G. Izquierdo, S.E.), Sevilla, Spain; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center (INRC) (V.S.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Iran; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences (M.O.), University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (A.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (A.L.), Universita di Bologna, Italy; Division of Neurology (R. Alroughani), Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait; CHUM MS Center and Universite de Montreal (A.P., C.L., M.G., P.D.), Quebec, Canada; Medical Faculty (M.T.), Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun; KTU Medical Faculty Farabi Hospital (C. Boz), Trabzon, Turkey; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Longueuil, Quebec, Canada; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena (P.S.); Department of Biomedical (D.F.), Metabolic and Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy; CISSS Chaudière-Appalache (P.G.), Levis, Quebec, Canada; Central Clinical School (H.B.), Monash University; Department of Neurology (H.B., O.S.), The Alfred Hospital; Department of Neurology (K.B., O.S.), Box Hill Hospital, Eastern Health; Monash University (K.B., O.S.), Melbourne, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.I.Y.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon; Hacettepe University (R.K.), Ankara, Turkey; Zuyderland Medical Centre (O. Gerlach), Department of Neurologie, Dr. H. van der Hoffplein 1, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands; School of Medicine and Public Health (J.L.-S.), University Newcastle; Department of Neurology (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Health, Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (D.M.), Neurology Unit, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (R.B.), Pavia, Italy; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (V.V.P.), Brussels; Université Catholique de Louvain (V.V.P.), Belgium; Ospedali Riuniti di Salerno (G. Iuliano); UOC Neurologia (E. Cartechini), Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Marche-AV3, Macerata, Italy; Hospital de Sao Joao (M.J.S.), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; Nemocnice Jihlava (R. Ampapa), Jihlava, Czech Republic; Brain and Mind Centre (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Royal Victoria Hospital (S.E.H.), Belfast, UK; Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol (C.M.R.-T.), Badalona, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), Sydney, Australia; Liverpool Hospital and Ingham Institute (S.H.), Australia; Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino (D.L.A.S.), Italy; Kommunehospitalet (T.P.), Aarhus, Denmark; Monash Medical Centre (E.G.B.), Melbourne; Flinders University (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; University College Dublin and St. Vincent's University Hospital (C. McGuigan), Ireland; University of Queensland (P.A.M.); Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Medicine and Surgery (F.G.), University of Parma; Department of Emergency and General Medicine (F.G.), Parma University Hospital, Italy; Hospital Italiano (E. Cristiano), Buenos Aires, Argentina; CSSS Saint-Jérôme (J.P.), Saint-Jerome, Quebec, Canada; Royal Hobart Hospital (B.V.T.), Australia; Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo (J.L.S.Ã.-M.), Galdakao, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10; University Hospital Ghent (L.V.H.), Ghent, Belgium; Westmead Hospital (S.V.), Sydney; Austin Health (R.A.M.), Melbourne, Australia; South East Trust (O. Gray), Belfast, UK; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia (J.O.), Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain; Hospital Fernandez (N.D.), Capital Federal, Argentina; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (Y.D.F.), Santos, Brazil; and Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Geelong, Australia.
Pierre GrammondFrom the CORe (M.V., I.D., C.M., P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne MS Centre (M.V.), Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia; Melbourne MS Centre (P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (D.H., E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia; Multiple Sclerosis Center (F.P.), University of Catania, Italy; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), Konak/Izmir, Turkey; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G. Izquierdo, S.E.), Sevilla, Spain; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center (INRC) (V.S.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Iran; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences (M.O.), University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (A.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (A.L.), Universita di Bologna, Italy; Division of Neurology (R. Alroughani), Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait; CHUM MS Center and Universite de Montreal (A.P., C.L., M.G., P.D.), Quebec, Canada; Medical Faculty (M.T.), Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun; KTU Medical Faculty Farabi Hospital (C. Boz), Trabzon, Turkey; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Longueuil, Quebec, Canada; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena (P.S.); Department of Biomedical (D.F.), Metabolic and Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy; CISSS Chaudière-Appalache (P.G.), Levis, Quebec, Canada; Central Clinical School (H.B.), Monash University; Department of Neurology (H.B., O.S.), The Alfred Hospital; Department of Neurology (K.B., O.S.), Box Hill Hospital, Eastern Health; Monash University (K.B., O.S.), Melbourne, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.I.Y.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon; Hacettepe University (R.K.), Ankara, Turkey; Zuyderland Medical Centre (O. Gerlach), Department of Neurologie, Dr. H. van der Hoffplein 1, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands; School of Medicine and Public Health (J.L.-S.), University Newcastle; Department of Neurology (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Health, Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (D.M.), Neurology Unit, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (R.B.), Pavia, Italy; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (V.V.P.), Brussels; Université Catholique de Louvain (V.V.P.), Belgium; Ospedali Riuniti di Salerno (G. Iuliano); UOC Neurologia (E. Cartechini), Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Marche-AV3, Macerata, Italy; Hospital de Sao Joao (M.J.S.), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; Nemocnice Jihlava (R. Ampapa), Jihlava, Czech Republic; Brain and Mind Centre (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Royal Victoria Hospital (S.E.H.), Belfast, UK; Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol (C.M.R.-T.), Badalona, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), Sydney, Australia; Liverpool Hospital and Ingham Institute (S.H.), Australia; Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino (D.L.A.S.), Italy; Kommunehospitalet (T.P.), Aarhus, Denmark; Monash Medical Centre (E.G.B.), Melbourne; Flinders University (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; University College Dublin and St. Vincent's University Hospital (C. McGuigan), Ireland; University of Queensland (P.A.M.); Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Medicine and Surgery (F.G.), University of Parma; Department of Emergency and General Medicine (F.G.), Parma University Hospital, Italy; Hospital Italiano (E. Cristiano), Buenos Aires, Argentina; CSSS Saint-Jérôme (J.P.), Saint-Jerome, Quebec, Canada; Royal Hobart Hospital (B.V.T.), Australia; Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo (J.L.S.Ã.-M.), Galdakao, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10; University Hospital Ghent (L.V.H.), Ghent, Belgium; Westmead Hospital (S.V.), Sydney; Austin Health (R.A.M.), Melbourne, Australia; South East Trust (O. Gray), Belfast, UK; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia (J.O.), Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain; Hospital Fernandez (N.D.), Capital Federal, Argentina; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (Y.D.F.), Santos, Brazil; and Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Geelong, Australia.
Helmut ButzkuevenFrom the CORe (M.V., I.D., C.M., P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne MS Centre (M.V.), Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia; Melbourne MS Centre (P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (D.H., E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia; Multiple Sclerosis Center (F.P.), University of Catania, Italy; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), Konak/Izmir, Turkey; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G. Izquierdo, S.E.), Sevilla, Spain; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center (INRC) (V.S.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Iran; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences (M.O.), University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (A.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (A.L.), Universita di Bologna, Italy; Division of Neurology (R. Alroughani), Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait; CHUM MS Center and Universite de Montreal (A.P., C.L., M.G., P.D.), Quebec, Canada; Medical Faculty (M.T.), Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun; KTU Medical Faculty Farabi Hospital (C. Boz), Trabzon, Turkey; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Longueuil, Quebec, Canada; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena (P.S.); Department of Biomedical (D.F.), Metabolic and Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy; CISSS Chaudière-Appalache (P.G.), Levis, Quebec, Canada; Central Clinical School (H.B.), Monash University; Department of Neurology (H.B., O.S.), The Alfred Hospital; Department of Neurology (K.B., O.S.), Box Hill Hospital, Eastern Health; Monash University (K.B., O.S.), Melbourne, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.I.Y.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon; Hacettepe University (R.K.), Ankara, Turkey; Zuyderland Medical Centre (O. Gerlach), Department of Neurologie, Dr. H. van der Hoffplein 1, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands; School of Medicine and Public Health (J.L.-S.), University Newcastle; Department of Neurology (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Health, Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (D.M.), Neurology Unit, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (R.B.), Pavia, Italy; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (V.V.P.), Brussels; Université Catholique de Louvain (V.V.P.), Belgium; Ospedali Riuniti di Salerno (G. Iuliano); UOC Neurologia (E. Cartechini), Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Marche-AV3, Macerata, Italy; Hospital de Sao Joao (M.J.S.), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; Nemocnice Jihlava (R. Ampapa), Jihlava, Czech Republic; Brain and Mind Centre (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Royal Victoria Hospital (S.E.H.), Belfast, UK; Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol (C.M.R.-T.), Badalona, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), Sydney, Australia; Liverpool Hospital and Ingham Institute (S.H.), Australia; Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino (D.L.A.S.), Italy; Kommunehospitalet (T.P.), Aarhus, Denmark; Monash Medical Centre (E.G.B.), Melbourne; Flinders University (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; University College Dublin and St. Vincent's University Hospital (C. McGuigan), Ireland; University of Queensland (P.A.M.); Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Medicine and Surgery (F.G.), University of Parma; Department of Emergency and General Medicine (F.G.), Parma University Hospital, Italy; Hospital Italiano (E. Cristiano), Buenos Aires, Argentina; CSSS Saint-Jérôme (J.P.), Saint-Jerome, Quebec, Canada; Royal Hobart Hospital (B.V.T.), Australia; Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo (J.L.S.Ã.-M.), Galdakao, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10; University Hospital Ghent (L.V.H.), Ghent, Belgium; Westmead Hospital (S.V.), Sydney; Austin Health (R.A.M.), Melbourne, Australia; South East Trust (O. Gray), Belfast, UK; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia (J.O.), Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain; Hospital Fernandez (N.D.), Capital Federal, Argentina; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (Y.D.F.), Santos, Brazil; and Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Geelong, Australia.
Katherine BuzzardFrom the CORe (M.V., I.D., C.M., P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne MS Centre (M.V.), Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia; Melbourne MS Centre (P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (D.H., E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia; Multiple Sclerosis Center (F.P.), University of Catania, Italy; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), Konak/Izmir, Turkey; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G. Izquierdo, S.E.), Sevilla, Spain; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center (INRC) (V.S.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Iran; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences (M.O.), University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (A.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (A.L.), Universita di Bologna, Italy; Division of Neurology (R. Alroughani), Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait; CHUM MS Center and Universite de Montreal (A.P., C.L., M.G., P.D.), Quebec, Canada; Medical Faculty (M.T.), Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun; KTU Medical Faculty Farabi Hospital (C. Boz), Trabzon, Turkey; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Longueuil, Quebec, Canada; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena (P.S.); Department of Biomedical (D.F.), Metabolic and Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy; CISSS Chaudière-Appalache (P.G.), Levis, Quebec, Canada; Central Clinical School (H.B.), Monash University; Department of Neurology (H.B., O.S.), The Alfred Hospital; Department of Neurology (K.B., O.S.), Box Hill Hospital, Eastern Health; Monash University (K.B., O.S.), Melbourne, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.I.Y.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon; Hacettepe University (R.K.), Ankara, Turkey; Zuyderland Medical Centre (O. Gerlach), Department of Neurologie, Dr. H. van der Hoffplein 1, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands; School of Medicine and Public Health (J.L.-S.), University Newcastle; Department of Neurology (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Health, Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (D.M.), Neurology Unit, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (R.B.), Pavia, Italy; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (V.V.P.), Brussels; Université Catholique de Louvain (V.V.P.), Belgium; Ospedali Riuniti di Salerno (G. Iuliano); UOC Neurologia (E. Cartechini), Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Marche-AV3, Macerata, Italy; Hospital de Sao Joao (M.J.S.), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; Nemocnice Jihlava (R. Ampapa), Jihlava, Czech Republic; Brain and Mind Centre (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Royal Victoria Hospital (S.E.H.), Belfast, UK; Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol (C.M.R.-T.), Badalona, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), Sydney, Australia; Liverpool Hospital and Ingham Institute (S.H.), Australia; Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino (D.L.A.S.), Italy; Kommunehospitalet (T.P.), Aarhus, Denmark; Monash Medical Centre (E.G.B.), Melbourne; Flinders University (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; University College Dublin and St. Vincent's University Hospital (C. McGuigan), Ireland; University of Queensland (P.A.M.); Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Medicine and Surgery (F.G.), University of Parma; Department of Emergency and General Medicine (F.G.), Parma University Hospital, Italy; Hospital Italiano (E. Cristiano), Buenos Aires, Argentina; CSSS Saint-Jérôme (J.P.), Saint-Jerome, Quebec, Canada; Royal Hobart Hospital (B.V.T.), Australia; Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo (J.L.S.Ã.-M.), Galdakao, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10; University Hospital Ghent (L.V.H.), Ghent, Belgium; Westmead Hospital (S.V.), Sydney; Austin Health (R.A.M.), Melbourne, Australia; South East Trust (O. Gray), Belfast, UK; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia (J.O.), Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain; Hospital Fernandez (N.D.), Capital Federal, Argentina; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (Y.D.F.), Santos, Brazil; and Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Geelong, Australia.
Olga SkibinaFrom the CORe (M.V., I.D., C.M., P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne MS Centre (M.V.), Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia; Melbourne MS Centre (P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (D.H., E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia; Multiple Sclerosis Center (F.P.), University of Catania, Italy; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), Konak/Izmir, Turkey; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G. Izquierdo, S.E.), Sevilla, Spain; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center (INRC) (V.S.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Iran; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences (M.O.), University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (A.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (A.L.), Universita di Bologna, Italy; Division of Neurology (R. Alroughani), Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait; CHUM MS Center and Universite de Montreal (A.P., C.L., M.G., P.D.), Quebec, Canada; Medical Faculty (M.T.), Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun; KTU Medical Faculty Farabi Hospital (C. Boz), Trabzon, Turkey; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Longueuil, Quebec, Canada; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena (P.S.); Department of Biomedical (D.F.), Metabolic and Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy; CISSS Chaudière-Appalache (P.G.), Levis, Quebec, Canada; Central Clinical School (H.B.), Monash University; Department of Neurology (H.B., O.S.), The Alfred Hospital; Department of Neurology (K.B., O.S.), Box Hill Hospital, Eastern Health; Monash University (K.B., O.S.), Melbourne, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.I.Y.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon; Hacettepe University (R.K.), Ankara, Turkey; Zuyderland Medical Centre (O. Gerlach), Department of Neurologie, Dr. H. van der Hoffplein 1, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands; School of Medicine and Public Health (J.L.-S.), University Newcastle; Department of Neurology (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Health, Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (D.M.), Neurology Unit, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (R.B.), Pavia, Italy; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (V.V.P.), Brussels; Université Catholique de Louvain (V.V.P.), Belgium; Ospedali Riuniti di Salerno (G. Iuliano); UOC Neurologia (E. Cartechini), Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Marche-AV3, Macerata, Italy; Hospital de Sao Joao (M.J.S.), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; Nemocnice Jihlava (R. Ampapa), Jihlava, Czech Republic; Brain and Mind Centre (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Royal Victoria Hospital (S.E.H.), Belfast, UK; Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol (C.M.R.-T.), Badalona, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), Sydney, Australia; Liverpool Hospital and Ingham Institute (S.H.), Australia; Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino (D.L.A.S.), Italy; Kommunehospitalet (T.P.), Aarhus, Denmark; Monash Medical Centre (E.G.B.), Melbourne; Flinders University (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; University College Dublin and St. Vincent's University Hospital (C. McGuigan), Ireland; University of Queensland (P.A.M.); Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Medicine and Surgery (F.G.), University of Parma; Department of Emergency and General Medicine (F.G.), Parma University Hospital, Italy; Hospital Italiano (E. Cristiano), Buenos Aires, Argentina; CSSS Saint-Jérôme (J.P.), Saint-Jerome, Quebec, Canada; Royal Hobart Hospital (B.V.T.), Australia; Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo (J.L.S.Ã.-M.), Galdakao, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10; University Hospital Ghent (L.V.H.), Ghent, Belgium; Westmead Hospital (S.V.), Sydney; Austin Health (R.A.M.), Melbourne, Australia; South East Trust (O. Gray), Belfast, UK; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia (J.O.), Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain; Hospital Fernandez (N.D.), Capital Federal, Argentina; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (Y.D.F.), Santos, Brazil; and Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Geelong, Australia.
Bassem I YamoutFrom the CORe (M.V., I.D., C.M., P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne MS Centre (M.V.), Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia; Melbourne MS Centre (P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (D.H., E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia; Multiple Sclerosis Center (F.P.), University of Catania, Italy; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), Konak/Izmir, Turkey; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G. Izquierdo, S.E.), Sevilla, Spain; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center (INRC) (V.S.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Iran; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences (M.O.), University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (A.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (A.L.), Universita di Bologna, Italy; Division of Neurology (R. Alroughani), Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait; CHUM MS Center and Universite de Montreal (A.P., C.L., M.G., P.D.), Quebec, Canada; Medical Faculty (M.T.), Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun; KTU Medical Faculty Farabi Hospital (C. Boz), Trabzon, Turkey; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Longueuil, Quebec, Canada; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena (P.S.); Department of Biomedical (D.F.), Metabolic and Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy; CISSS Chaudière-Appalache (P.G.), Levis, Quebec, Canada; Central Clinical School (H.B.), Monash University; Department of Neurology (H.B., O.S.), The Alfred Hospital; Department of Neurology (K.B., O.S.), Box Hill Hospital, Eastern Health; Monash University (K.B., O.S.), Melbourne, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.I.Y.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon; Hacettepe University (R.K.), Ankara, Turkey; Zuyderland Medical Centre (O. Gerlach), Department of Neurologie, Dr. H. van der Hoffplein 1, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands; School of Medicine and Public Health (J.L.-S.), University Newcastle; Department of Neurology (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Health, Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (D.M.), Neurology Unit, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (R.B.), Pavia, Italy; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (V.V.P.), Brussels; Université Catholique de Louvain (V.V.P.), Belgium; Ospedali Riuniti di Salerno (G. Iuliano); UOC Neurologia (E. Cartechini), Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Marche-AV3, Macerata, Italy; Hospital de Sao Joao (M.J.S.), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; Nemocnice Jihlava (R. Ampapa), Jihlava, Czech Republic; Brain and Mind Centre (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Royal Victoria Hospital (S.E.H.), Belfast, UK; Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol (C.M.R.-T.), Badalona, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), Sydney, Australia; Liverpool Hospital and Ingham Institute (S.H.), Australia; Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino (D.L.A.S.), Italy; Kommunehospitalet (T.P.), Aarhus, Denmark; Monash Medical Centre (E.G.B.), Melbourne; Flinders University (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; University College Dublin and St. Vincent's University Hospital (C. McGuigan), Ireland; University of Queensland (P.A.M.); Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Medicine and Surgery (F.G.), University of Parma; Department of Emergency and General Medicine (F.G.), Parma University Hospital, Italy; Hospital Italiano (E. Cristiano), Buenos Aires, Argentina; CSSS Saint-Jérôme (J.P.), Saint-Jerome, Quebec, Canada; Royal Hobart Hospital (B.V.T.), Australia; Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo (J.L.S.Ã.-M.), Galdakao, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10; University Hospital Ghent (L.V.H.), Ghent, Belgium; Westmead Hospital (S.V.), Sydney; Austin Health (R.A.M.), Melbourne, Australia; South East Trust (O. Gray), Belfast, UK; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia (J.O.), Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain; Hospital Fernandez (N.D.), Capital Federal, Argentina; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (Y.D.F.), Santos, Brazil; and Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Geelong, Australia.
Rana KarabudakFrom the CORe (M.V., I.D., C.M., P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne MS Centre (M.V.), Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia; Melbourne MS Centre (P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (D.H., E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia; Multiple Sclerosis Center (F.P.), University of Catania, Italy; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), Konak/Izmir, Turkey; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G. Izquierdo, S.E.), Sevilla, Spain; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center (INRC) (V.S.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Iran; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences (M.O.), University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (A.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (A.L.), Universita di Bologna, Italy; Division of Neurology (R. Alroughani), Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait; CHUM MS Center and Universite de Montreal (A.P., C.L., M.G., P.D.), Quebec, Canada; Medical Faculty (M.T.), Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun; KTU Medical Faculty Farabi Hospital (C. Boz), Trabzon, Turkey; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Longueuil, Quebec, Canada; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena (P.S.); Department of Biomedical (D.F.), Metabolic and Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy; CISSS Chaudière-Appalache (P.G.), Levis, Quebec, Canada; Central Clinical School (H.B.), Monash University; Department of Neurology (H.B., O.S.), The Alfred Hospital; Department of Neurology (K.B., O.S.), Box Hill Hospital, Eastern Health; Monash University (K.B., O.S.), Melbourne, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.I.Y.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon; Hacettepe University (R.K.), Ankara, Turkey; Zuyderland Medical Centre (O. Gerlach), Department of Neurologie, Dr. H. van der Hoffplein 1, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands; School of Medicine and Public Health (J.L.-S.), University Newcastle; Department of Neurology (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Health, Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (D.M.), Neurology Unit, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (R.B.), Pavia, Italy; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (V.V.P.), Brussels; Université Catholique de Louvain (V.V.P.), Belgium; Ospedali Riuniti di Salerno (G. Iuliano); UOC Neurologia (E. Cartechini), Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Marche-AV3, Macerata, Italy; Hospital de Sao Joao (M.J.S.), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; Nemocnice Jihlava (R. Ampapa), Jihlava, Czech Republic; Brain and Mind Centre (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Royal Victoria Hospital (S.E.H.), Belfast, UK; Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol (C.M.R.-T.), Badalona, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), Sydney, Australia; Liverpool Hospital and Ingham Institute (S.H.), Australia; Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino (D.L.A.S.), Italy; Kommunehospitalet (T.P.), Aarhus, Denmark; Monash Medical Centre (E.G.B.), Melbourne; Flinders University (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; University College Dublin and St. Vincent's University Hospital (C. McGuigan), Ireland; University of Queensland (P.A.M.); Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Medicine and Surgery (F.G.), University of Parma; Department of Emergency and General Medicine (F.G.), Parma University Hospital, Italy; Hospital Italiano (E. Cristiano), Buenos Aires, Argentina; CSSS Saint-Jérôme (J.P.), Saint-Jerome, Quebec, Canada; Royal Hobart Hospital (B.V.T.), Australia; Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo (J.L.S.Ã.-M.), Galdakao, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10; University Hospital Ghent (L.V.H.), Ghent, Belgium; Westmead Hospital (S.V.), Sydney; Austin Health (R.A.M.), Melbourne, Australia; South East Trust (O. Gray), Belfast, UK; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia (J.O.), Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain; Hospital Fernandez (N.D.), Capital Federal, Argentina; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (Y.D.F.), Santos, Brazil; and Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Geelong, Australia.
Oliver GerlachFrom the CORe (M.V., I.D., C.M., P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne MS Centre (M.V.), Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia; Melbourne MS Centre (P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (D.H., E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia; Multiple Sclerosis Center (F.P.), University of Catania, Italy; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), Konak/Izmir, Turkey; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G. Izquierdo, S.E.), Sevilla, Spain; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center (INRC) (V.S.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Iran; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences (M.O.), University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (A.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (A.L.), Universita di Bologna, Italy; Division of Neurology (R. Alroughani), Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait; CHUM MS Center and Universite de Montreal (A.P., C.L., M.G., P.D.), Quebec, Canada; Medical Faculty (M.T.), Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun; KTU Medical Faculty Farabi Hospital (C. Boz), Trabzon, Turkey; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Longueuil, Quebec, Canada; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena (P.S.); Department of Biomedical (D.F.), Metabolic and Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy; CISSS Chaudière-Appalache (P.G.), Levis, Quebec, Canada; Central Clinical School (H.B.), Monash University; Department of Neurology (H.B., O.S.), The Alfred Hospital; Department of Neurology (K.B., O.S.), Box Hill Hospital, Eastern Health; Monash University (K.B., O.S.), Melbourne, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.I.Y.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon; Hacettepe University (R.K.), Ankara, Turkey; Zuyderland Medical Centre (O. Gerlach), Department of Neurologie, Dr. H. van der Hoffplein 1, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands; School of Medicine and Public Health (J.L.-S.), University Newcastle; Department of Neurology (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Health, Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (D.M.), Neurology Unit, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (R.B.), Pavia, Italy; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (V.V.P.), Brussels; Université Catholique de Louvain (V.V.P.), Belgium; Ospedali Riuniti di Salerno (G. Iuliano); UOC Neurologia (E. Cartechini), Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Marche-AV3, Macerata, Italy; Hospital de Sao Joao (M.J.S.), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; Nemocnice Jihlava (R. Ampapa), Jihlava, Czech Republic; Brain and Mind Centre (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Royal Victoria Hospital (S.E.H.), Belfast, UK; Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol (C.M.R.-T.), Badalona, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), Sydney, Australia; Liverpool Hospital and Ingham Institute (S.H.), Australia; Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino (D.L.A.S.), Italy; Kommunehospitalet (T.P.), Aarhus, Denmark; Monash Medical Centre (E.G.B.), Melbourne; Flinders University (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; University College Dublin and St. Vincent's University Hospital (C. McGuigan), Ireland; University of Queensland (P.A.M.); Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Medicine and Surgery (F.G.), University of Parma; Department of Emergency and General Medicine (F.G.), Parma University Hospital, Italy; Hospital Italiano (E. Cristiano), Buenos Aires, Argentina; CSSS Saint-Jérôme (J.P.), Saint-Jerome, Quebec, Canada; Royal Hobart Hospital (B.V.T.), Australia; Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo (J.L.S.Ã.-M.), Galdakao, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10; University Hospital Ghent (L.V.H.), Ghent, Belgium; Westmead Hospital (S.V.), Sydney; Austin Health (R.A.M.), Melbourne, Australia; South East Trust (O. Gray), Belfast, UK; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia (J.O.), Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain; Hospital Fernandez (N.D.), Capital Federal, Argentina; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (Y.D.F.), Santos, Brazil; and Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Geelong, Australia.
Jeannette Lechner-ScottFrom the CORe (M.V., I.D., C.M., P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne MS Centre (M.V.), Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia; Melbourne MS Centre (P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (D.H., E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia; Multiple Sclerosis Center (F.P.), University of Catania, Italy; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), Konak/Izmir, Turkey; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G. Izquierdo, S.E.), Sevilla, Spain; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center (INRC) (V.S.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Iran; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences (M.O.), University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (A.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (A.L.), Universita di Bologna, Italy; Division of Neurology (R. Alroughani), Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait; CHUM MS Center and Universite de Montreal (A.P., C.L., M.G., P.D.), Quebec, Canada; Medical Faculty (M.T.), Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun; KTU Medical Faculty Farabi Hospital (C. Boz), Trabzon, Turkey; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Longueuil, Quebec, Canada; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena (P.S.); Department of Biomedical (D.F.), Metabolic and Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy; CISSS Chaudière-Appalache (P.G.), Levis, Quebec, Canada; Central Clinical School (H.B.), Monash University; Department of Neurology (H.B., O.S.), The Alfred Hospital; Department of Neurology (K.B., O.S.), Box Hill Hospital, Eastern Health; Monash University (K.B., O.S.), Melbourne, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.I.Y.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon; Hacettepe University (R.K.), Ankara, Turkey; Zuyderland Medical Centre (O. Gerlach), Department of Neurologie, Dr. H. van der Hoffplein 1, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands; School of Medicine and Public Health (J.L.-S.), University Newcastle; Department of Neurology (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Health, Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (D.M.), Neurology Unit, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (R.B.), Pavia, Italy; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (V.V.P.), Brussels; Université Catholique de Louvain (V.V.P.), Belgium; Ospedali Riuniti di Salerno (G. Iuliano); UOC Neurologia (E. Cartechini), Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Marche-AV3, Macerata, Italy; Hospital de Sao Joao (M.J.S.), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; Nemocnice Jihlava (R. Ampapa), Jihlava, Czech Republic; Brain and Mind Centre (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Royal Victoria Hospital (S.E.H.), Belfast, UK; Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol (C.M.R.-T.), Badalona, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), Sydney, Australia; Liverpool Hospital and Ingham Institute (S.H.), Australia; Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino (D.L.A.S.), Italy; Kommunehospitalet (T.P.), Aarhus, Denmark; Monash Medical Centre (E.G.B.), Melbourne; Flinders University (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; University College Dublin and St. Vincent's University Hospital (C. McGuigan), Ireland; University of Queensland (P.A.M.); Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Medicine and Surgery (F.G.), University of Parma; Department of Emergency and General Medicine (F.G.), Parma University Hospital, Italy; Hospital Italiano (E. Cristiano), Buenos Aires, Argentina; CSSS Saint-Jérôme (J.P.), Saint-Jerome, Quebec, Canada; Royal Hobart Hospital (B.V.T.), Australia; Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo (J.L.S.Ã.-M.), Galdakao, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10; University Hospital Ghent (L.V.H.), Ghent, Belgium; Westmead Hospital (S.V.), Sydney; Austin Health (R.A.M.), Melbourne, Australia; South East Trust (O. Gray), Belfast, UK; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia (J.O.), Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain; Hospital Fernandez (N.D.), Capital Federal, Argentina; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (Y.D.F.), Santos, Brazil; and Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Geelong, Australia.
Davide MaimoneFrom the CORe (M.V., I.D., C.M., P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne MS Centre (M.V.), Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia; Melbourne MS Centre (P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (D.H., E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia; Multiple Sclerosis Center (F.P.), University of Catania, Italy; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), Konak/Izmir, Turkey; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G. Izquierdo, S.E.), Sevilla, Spain; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center (INRC) (V.S.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Iran; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences (M.O.), University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (A.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (A.L.), Universita di Bologna, Italy; Division of Neurology (R. Alroughani), Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait; CHUM MS Center and Universite de Montreal (A.P., C.L., M.G., P.D.), Quebec, Canada; Medical Faculty (M.T.), Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun; KTU Medical Faculty Farabi Hospital (C. Boz), Trabzon, Turkey; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Longueuil, Quebec, Canada; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena (P.S.); Department of Biomedical (D.F.), Metabolic and Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy; CISSS Chaudière-Appalache (P.G.), Levis, Quebec, Canada; Central Clinical School (H.B.), Monash University; Department of Neurology (H.B., O.S.), The Alfred Hospital; Department of Neurology (K.B., O.S.), Box Hill Hospital, Eastern Health; Monash University (K.B., O.S.), Melbourne, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.I.Y.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon; Hacettepe University (R.K.), Ankara, Turkey; Zuyderland Medical Centre (O. Gerlach), Department of Neurologie, Dr. H. van der Hoffplein 1, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands; School of Medicine and Public Health (J.L.-S.), University Newcastle; Department of Neurology (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Health, Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (D.M.), Neurology Unit, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (R.B.), Pavia, Italy; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (V.V.P.), Brussels; Université Catholique de Louvain (V.V.P.), Belgium; Ospedali Riuniti di Salerno (G. Iuliano); UOC Neurologia (E. Cartechini), Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Marche-AV3, Macerata, Italy; Hospital de Sao Joao (M.J.S.), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; Nemocnice Jihlava (R. Ampapa), Jihlava, Czech Republic; Brain and Mind Centre (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Royal Victoria Hospital (S.E.H.), Belfast, UK; Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol (C.M.R.-T.), Badalona, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), Sydney, Australia; Liverpool Hospital and Ingham Institute (S.H.), Australia; Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino (D.L.A.S.), Italy; Kommunehospitalet (T.P.), Aarhus, Denmark; Monash Medical Centre (E.G.B.), Melbourne; Flinders University (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; University College Dublin and St. Vincent's University Hospital (C. McGuigan), Ireland; University of Queensland (P.A.M.); Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Medicine and Surgery (F.G.), University of Parma; Department of Emergency and General Medicine (F.G.), Parma University Hospital, Italy; Hospital Italiano (E. Cristiano), Buenos Aires, Argentina; CSSS Saint-Jérôme (J.P.), Saint-Jerome, Quebec, Canada; Royal Hobart Hospital (B.V.T.), Australia; Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo (J.L.S.Ã.-M.), Galdakao, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10; University Hospital Ghent (L.V.H.), Ghent, Belgium; Westmead Hospital (S.V.), Sydney; Austin Health (R.A.M.), Melbourne, Australia; South East Trust (O. Gray), Belfast, UK; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia (J.O.), Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain; Hospital Fernandez (N.D.), Capital Federal, Argentina; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (Y.D.F.), Santos, Brazil; and Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Geelong, Australia.
Roberto BergamaschiFrom the CORe (M.V., I.D., C.M., P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne MS Centre (M.V.), Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia; Melbourne MS Centre (P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (D.H., E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia; Multiple Sclerosis Center (F.P.), University of Catania, Italy; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), Konak/Izmir, Turkey; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G. Izquierdo, S.E.), Sevilla, Spain; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center (INRC) (V.S.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Iran; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences (M.O.), University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (A.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (A.L.), Universita di Bologna, Italy; Division of Neurology (R. Alroughani), Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait; CHUM MS Center and Universite de Montreal (A.P., C.L., M.G., P.D.), Quebec, Canada; Medical Faculty (M.T.), Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun; KTU Medical Faculty Farabi Hospital (C. Boz), Trabzon, Turkey; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Longueuil, Quebec, Canada; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena (P.S.); Department of Biomedical (D.F.), Metabolic and Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy; CISSS Chaudière-Appalache (P.G.), Levis, Quebec, Canada; Central Clinical School (H.B.), Monash University; Department of Neurology (H.B., O.S.), The Alfred Hospital; Department of Neurology (K.B., O.S.), Box Hill Hospital, Eastern Health; Monash University (K.B., O.S.), Melbourne, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.I.Y.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon; Hacettepe University (R.K.), Ankara, Turkey; Zuyderland Medical Centre (O. Gerlach), Department of Neurologie, Dr. H. van der Hoffplein 1, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands; School of Medicine and Public Health (J.L.-S.), University Newcastle; Department of Neurology (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Health, Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (D.M.), Neurology Unit, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (R.B.), Pavia, Italy; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (V.V.P.), Brussels; Université Catholique de Louvain (V.V.P.), Belgium; Ospedali Riuniti di Salerno (G. Iuliano); UOC Neurologia (E. Cartechini), Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Marche-AV3, Macerata, Italy; Hospital de Sao Joao (M.J.S.), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; Nemocnice Jihlava (R. Ampapa), Jihlava, Czech Republic; Brain and Mind Centre (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Royal Victoria Hospital (S.E.H.), Belfast, UK; Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol (C.M.R.-T.), Badalona, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), Sydney, Australia; Liverpool Hospital and Ingham Institute (S.H.), Australia; Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino (D.L.A.S.), Italy; Kommunehospitalet (T.P.), Aarhus, Denmark; Monash Medical Centre (E.G.B.), Melbourne; Flinders University (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; University College Dublin and St. Vincent's University Hospital (C. McGuigan), Ireland; University of Queensland (P.A.M.); Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Medicine and Surgery (F.G.), University of Parma; Department of Emergency and General Medicine (F.G.), Parma University Hospital, Italy; Hospital Italiano (E. Cristiano), Buenos Aires, Argentina; CSSS Saint-Jérôme (J.P.), Saint-Jerome, Quebec, Canada; Royal Hobart Hospital (B.V.T.), Australia; Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo (J.L.S.Ã.-M.), Galdakao, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10; University Hospital Ghent (L.V.H.), Ghent, Belgium; Westmead Hospital (S.V.), Sydney; Austin Health (R.A.M.), Melbourne, Australia; South East Trust (O. Gray), Belfast, UK; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia (J.O.), Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain; Hospital Fernandez (N.D.), Capital Federal, Argentina; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (Y.D.F.), Santos, Brazil; and Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Geelong, Australia.
Vincent Van PeschFrom the CORe (M.V., I.D., C.M., P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne MS Centre (M.V.), Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia; Melbourne MS Centre (P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (D.H., E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia; Multiple Sclerosis Center (F.P.), University of Catania, Italy; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), Konak/Izmir, Turkey; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G. Izquierdo, S.E.), Sevilla, Spain; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center (INRC) (V.S.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Iran; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences (M.O.), University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (A.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (A.L.), Universita di Bologna, Italy; Division of Neurology (R. Alroughani), Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait; CHUM MS Center and Universite de Montreal (A.P., C.L., M.G., P.D.), Quebec, Canada; Medical Faculty (M.T.), Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun; KTU Medical Faculty Farabi Hospital (C. Boz), Trabzon, Turkey; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Longueuil, Quebec, Canada; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena (P.S.); Department of Biomedical (D.F.), Metabolic and Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy; CISSS Chaudière-Appalache (P.G.), Levis, Quebec, Canada; Central Clinical School (H.B.), Monash University; Department of Neurology (H.B., O.S.), The Alfred Hospital; Department of Neurology (K.B., O.S.), Box Hill Hospital, Eastern Health; Monash University (K.B., O.S.), Melbourne, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.I.Y.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon; Hacettepe University (R.K.), Ankara, Turkey; Zuyderland Medical Centre (O. Gerlach), Department of Neurologie, Dr. H. van der Hoffplein 1, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands; School of Medicine and Public Health (J.L.-S.), University Newcastle; Department of Neurology (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Health, Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (D.M.), Neurology Unit, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (R.B.), Pavia, Italy; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (V.V.P.), Brussels; Université Catholique de Louvain (V.V.P.), Belgium; Ospedali Riuniti di Salerno (G. Iuliano); UOC Neurologia (E. Cartechini), Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Marche-AV3, Macerata, Italy; Hospital de Sao Joao (M.J.S.), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; Nemocnice Jihlava (R. Ampapa), Jihlava, Czech Republic; Brain and Mind Centre (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Royal Victoria Hospital (S.E.H.), Belfast, UK; Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol (C.M.R.-T.), Badalona, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), Sydney, Australia; Liverpool Hospital and Ingham Institute (S.H.), Australia; Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino (D.L.A.S.), Italy; Kommunehospitalet (T.P.), Aarhus, Denmark; Monash Medical Centre (E.G.B.), Melbourne; Flinders University (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; University College Dublin and St. Vincent's University Hospital (C. McGuigan), Ireland; University of Queensland (P.A.M.); Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Medicine and Surgery (F.G.), University of Parma; Department of Emergency and General Medicine (F.G.), Parma University Hospital, Italy; Hospital Italiano (E. Cristiano), Buenos Aires, Argentina; CSSS Saint-Jérôme (J.P.), Saint-Jerome, Quebec, Canada; Royal Hobart Hospital (B.V.T.), Australia; Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo (J.L.S.Ã.-M.), Galdakao, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10; University Hospital Ghent (L.V.H.), Ghent, Belgium; Westmead Hospital (S.V.), Sydney; Austin Health (R.A.M.), Melbourne, Australia; South East Trust (O. Gray), Belfast, UK; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia (J.O.), Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain; Hospital Fernandez (N.D.), Capital Federal, Argentina; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (Y.D.F.), Santos, Brazil; and Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Geelong, Australia.
Gerardo IulianoFrom the CORe (M.V., I.D., C.M., P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne MS Centre (M.V.), Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia; Melbourne MS Centre (P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (D.H., E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia; Multiple Sclerosis Center (F.P.), University of Catania, Italy; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), Konak/Izmir, Turkey; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G. Izquierdo, S.E.), Sevilla, Spain; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center (INRC) (V.S.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Iran; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences (M.O.), University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (A.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (A.L.), Universita di Bologna, Italy; Division of Neurology (R. Alroughani), Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait; CHUM MS Center and Universite de Montreal (A.P., C.L., M.G., P.D.), Quebec, Canada; Medical Faculty (M.T.), Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun; KTU Medical Faculty Farabi Hospital (C. Boz), Trabzon, Turkey; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Longueuil, Quebec, Canada; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena (P.S.); Department of Biomedical (D.F.), Metabolic and Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy; CISSS Chaudière-Appalache (P.G.), Levis, Quebec, Canada; Central Clinical School (H.B.), Monash University; Department of Neurology (H.B., O.S.), The Alfred Hospital; Department of Neurology (K.B., O.S.), Box Hill Hospital, Eastern Health; Monash University (K.B., O.S.), Melbourne, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.I.Y.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon; Hacettepe University (R.K.), Ankara, Turkey; Zuyderland Medical Centre (O. Gerlach), Department of Neurologie, Dr. H. van der Hoffplein 1, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands; School of Medicine and Public Health (J.L.-S.), University Newcastle; Department of Neurology (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Health, Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (D.M.), Neurology Unit, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (R.B.), Pavia, Italy; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (V.V.P.), Brussels; Université Catholique de Louvain (V.V.P.), Belgium; Ospedali Riuniti di Salerno (G. Iuliano); UOC Neurologia (E. Cartechini), Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Marche-AV3, Macerata, Italy; Hospital de Sao Joao (M.J.S.), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; Nemocnice Jihlava (R. Ampapa), Jihlava, Czech Republic; Brain and Mind Centre (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Royal Victoria Hospital (S.E.H.), Belfast, UK; Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol (C.M.R.-T.), Badalona, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), Sydney, Australia; Liverpool Hospital and Ingham Institute (S.H.), Australia; Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino (D.L.A.S.), Italy; Kommunehospitalet (T.P.), Aarhus, Denmark; Monash Medical Centre (E.G.B.), Melbourne; Flinders University (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; University College Dublin and St. Vincent's University Hospital (C. McGuigan), Ireland; University of Queensland (P.A.M.); Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Medicine and Surgery (F.G.), University of Parma; Department of Emergency and General Medicine (F.G.), Parma University Hospital, Italy; Hospital Italiano (E. Cristiano), Buenos Aires, Argentina; CSSS Saint-Jérôme (J.P.), Saint-Jerome, Quebec, Canada; Royal Hobart Hospital (B.V.T.), Australia; Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo (J.L.S.Ã.-M.), Galdakao, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10; University Hospital Ghent (L.V.H.), Ghent, Belgium; Westmead Hospital (S.V.), Sydney; Austin Health (R.A.M.), Melbourne, Australia; South East Trust (O. Gray), Belfast, UK; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia (J.O.), Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain; Hospital Fernandez (N.D.), Capital Federal, Argentina; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (Y.D.F.), Santos, Brazil; and Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Geelong, Australia.
Elisabetta CartechiniFrom the CORe (M.V., I.D., C.M., P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne MS Centre (M.V.), Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia; Melbourne MS Centre (P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (D.H., E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia; Multiple Sclerosis Center (F.P.), University of Catania, Italy; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), Konak/Izmir, Turkey; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G. Izquierdo, S.E.), Sevilla, Spain; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center (INRC) (V.S.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Iran; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences (M.O.), University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (A.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (A.L.), Universita di Bologna, Italy; Division of Neurology (R. Alroughani), Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait; CHUM MS Center and Universite de Montreal (A.P., C.L., M.G., P.D.), Quebec, Canada; Medical Faculty (M.T.), Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun; KTU Medical Faculty Farabi Hospital (C. Boz), Trabzon, Turkey; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Longueuil, Quebec, Canada; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena (P.S.); Department of Biomedical (D.F.), Metabolic and Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy; CISSS Chaudière-Appalache (P.G.), Levis, Quebec, Canada; Central Clinical School (H.B.), Monash University; Department of Neurology (H.B., O.S.), The Alfred Hospital; Department of Neurology (K.B., O.S.), Box Hill Hospital, Eastern Health; Monash University (K.B., O.S.), Melbourne, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.I.Y.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon; Hacettepe University (R.K.), Ankara, Turkey; Zuyderland Medical Centre (O. Gerlach), Department of Neurologie, Dr. H. van der Hoffplein 1, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands; School of Medicine and Public Health (J.L.-S.), University Newcastle; Department of Neurology (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Health, Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (D.M.), Neurology Unit, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (R.B.), Pavia, Italy; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (V.V.P.), Brussels; Université Catholique de Louvain (V.V.P.), Belgium; Ospedali Riuniti di Salerno (G. Iuliano); UOC Neurologia (E. Cartechini), Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Marche-AV3, Macerata, Italy; Hospital de Sao Joao (M.J.S.), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; Nemocnice Jihlava (R. Ampapa), Jihlava, Czech Republic; Brain and Mind Centre (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Royal Victoria Hospital (S.E.H.), Belfast, UK; Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol (C.M.R.-T.), Badalona, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), Sydney, Australia; Liverpool Hospital and Ingham Institute (S.H.), Australia; Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino (D.L.A.S.), Italy; Kommunehospitalet (T.P.), Aarhus, Denmark; Monash Medical Centre (E.G.B.), Melbourne; Flinders University (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; University College Dublin and St. Vincent's University Hospital (C. McGuigan), Ireland; University of Queensland (P.A.M.); Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Medicine and Surgery (F.G.), University of Parma; Department of Emergency and General Medicine (F.G.), Parma University Hospital, Italy; Hospital Italiano (E. Cristiano), Buenos Aires, Argentina; CSSS Saint-Jérôme (J.P.), Saint-Jerome, Quebec, Canada; Royal Hobart Hospital (B.V.T.), Australia; Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo (J.L.S.Ã.-M.), Galdakao, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10; University Hospital Ghent (L.V.H.), Ghent, Belgium; Westmead Hospital (S.V.), Sydney; Austin Health (R.A.M.), Melbourne, Australia; South East Trust (O. Gray), Belfast, UK; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia (J.O.), Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain; Hospital Fernandez (N.D.), Capital Federal, Argentina; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (Y.D.F.), Santos, Brazil; and Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Geelong, Australia.
Maria José SàFrom the CORe (M.V., I.D., C.M., P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne MS Centre (M.V.), Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia; Melbourne MS Centre (P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (D.H., E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia; Multiple Sclerosis Center (F.P.), University of Catania, Italy; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), Konak/Izmir, Turkey; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G. Izquierdo, S.E.), Sevilla, Spain; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center (INRC) (V.S.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Iran; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences (M.O.), University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (A.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (A.L.), Universita di Bologna, Italy; Division of Neurology (R. Alroughani), Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait; CHUM MS Center and Universite de Montreal (A.P., C.L., M.G., P.D.), Quebec, Canada; Medical Faculty (M.T.), Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun; KTU Medical Faculty Farabi Hospital (C. Boz), Trabzon, Turkey; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Longueuil, Quebec, Canada; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena (P.S.); Department of Biomedical (D.F.), Metabolic and Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy; CISSS Chaudière-Appalache (P.G.), Levis, Quebec, Canada; Central Clinical School (H.B.), Monash University; Department of Neurology (H.B., O.S.), The Alfred Hospital; Department of Neurology (K.B., O.S.), Box Hill Hospital, Eastern Health; Monash University (K.B., O.S.), Melbourne, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.I.Y.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon; Hacettepe University (R.K.), Ankara, Turkey; Zuyderland Medical Centre (O. Gerlach), Department of Neurologie, Dr. H. van der Hoffplein 1, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands; School of Medicine and Public Health (J.L.-S.), University Newcastle; Department of Neurology (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Health, Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (D.M.), Neurology Unit, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (R.B.), Pavia, Italy; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (V.V.P.), Brussels; Université Catholique de Louvain (V.V.P.), Belgium; Ospedali Riuniti di Salerno (G. Iuliano); UOC Neurologia (E. Cartechini), Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Marche-AV3, Macerata, Italy; Hospital de Sao Joao (M.J.S.), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; Nemocnice Jihlava (R. Ampapa), Jihlava, Czech Republic; Brain and Mind Centre (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Royal Victoria Hospital (S.E.H.), Belfast, UK; Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol (C.M.R.-T.), Badalona, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), Sydney, Australia; Liverpool Hospital and Ingham Institute (S.H.), Australia; Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino (D.L.A.S.), Italy; Kommunehospitalet (T.P.), Aarhus, Denmark; Monash Medical Centre (E.G.B.), Melbourne; Flinders University (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; University College Dublin and St. Vincent's University Hospital (C. McGuigan), Ireland; University of Queensland (P.A.M.); Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Medicine and Surgery (F.G.), University of Parma; Department of Emergency and General Medicine (F.G.), Parma University Hospital, Italy; Hospital Italiano (E. Cristiano), Buenos Aires, Argentina; CSSS Saint-Jérôme (J.P.), Saint-Jerome, Quebec, Canada; Royal Hobart Hospital (B.V.T.), Australia; Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo (J.L.S.Ã.-M.), Galdakao, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10; University Hospital Ghent (L.V.H.), Ghent, Belgium; Westmead Hospital (S.V.), Sydney; Austin Health (R.A.M.), Melbourne, Australia; South East Trust (O. Gray), Belfast, UK; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia (J.O.), Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain; Hospital Fernandez (N.D.), Capital Federal, Argentina; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (Y.D.F.), Santos, Brazil; and Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Geelong, Australia.
Radek AmpapaFrom the CORe (M.V., I.D., C.M., P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne MS Centre (M.V.), Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia; Melbourne MS Centre (P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (D.H., E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia; Multiple Sclerosis Center (F.P.), University of Catania, Italy; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), Konak/Izmir, Turkey; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G. Izquierdo, S.E.), Sevilla, Spain; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center (INRC) (V.S.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Iran; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences (M.O.), University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (A.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (A.L.), Universita di Bologna, Italy; Division of Neurology (R. Alroughani), Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait; CHUM MS Center and Universite de Montreal (A.P., C.L., M.G., P.D.), Quebec, Canada; Medical Faculty (M.T.), Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun; KTU Medical Faculty Farabi Hospital (C. Boz), Trabzon, Turkey; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Longueuil, Quebec, Canada; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena (P.S.); Department of Biomedical (D.F.), Metabolic and Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy; CISSS Chaudière-Appalache (P.G.), Levis, Quebec, Canada; Central Clinical School (H.B.), Monash University; Department of Neurology (H.B., O.S.), The Alfred Hospital; Department of Neurology (K.B., O.S.), Box Hill Hospital, Eastern Health; Monash University (K.B., O.S.), Melbourne, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.I.Y.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon; Hacettepe University (R.K.), Ankara, Turkey; Zuyderland Medical Centre (O. Gerlach), Department of Neurologie, Dr. H. van der Hoffplein 1, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands; School of Medicine and Public Health (J.L.-S.), University Newcastle; Department of Neurology (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Health, Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (D.M.), Neurology Unit, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (R.B.), Pavia, Italy; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (V.V.P.), Brussels; Université Catholique de Louvain (V.V.P.), Belgium; Ospedali Riuniti di Salerno (G. Iuliano); UOC Neurologia (E. Cartechini), Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Marche-AV3, Macerata, Italy; Hospital de Sao Joao (M.J.S.), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; Nemocnice Jihlava (R. Ampapa), Jihlava, Czech Republic; Brain and Mind Centre (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Royal Victoria Hospital (S.E.H.), Belfast, UK; Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol (C.M.R.-T.), Badalona, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), Sydney, Australia; Liverpool Hospital and Ingham Institute (S.H.), Australia; Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino (D.L.A.S.), Italy; Kommunehospitalet (T.P.), Aarhus, Denmark; Monash Medical Centre (E.G.B.), Melbourne; Flinders University (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; University College Dublin and St. Vincent's University Hospital (C. McGuigan), Ireland; University of Queensland (P.A.M.); Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Medicine and Surgery (F.G.), University of Parma; Department of Emergency and General Medicine (F.G.), Parma University Hospital, Italy; Hospital Italiano (E. Cristiano), Buenos Aires, Argentina; CSSS Saint-Jérôme (J.P.), Saint-Jerome, Quebec, Canada; Royal Hobart Hospital (B.V.T.), Australia; Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo (J.L.S.Ã.-M.), Galdakao, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10; University Hospital Ghent (L.V.H.), Ghent, Belgium; Westmead Hospital (S.V.), Sydney; Austin Health (R.A.M.), Melbourne, Australia; South East Trust (O. Gray), Belfast, UK; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia (J.O.), Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain; Hospital Fernandez (N.D.), Capital Federal, Argentina; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (Y.D.F.), Santos, Brazil; and Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Geelong, Australia.
Michael BarnettFrom the CORe (M.V., I.D., C.M., P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne MS Centre (M.V.), Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia; Melbourne MS Centre (P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (D.H., E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia; Multiple Sclerosis Center (F.P.), University of Catania, Italy; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), Konak/Izmir, Turkey; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G. Izquierdo, S.E.), Sevilla, Spain; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center (INRC) (V.S.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Iran; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences (M.O.), University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (A.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (A.L.), Universita di Bologna, Italy; Division of Neurology (R. Alroughani), Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait; CHUM MS Center and Universite de Montreal (A.P., C.L., M.G., P.D.), Quebec, Canada; Medical Faculty (M.T.), Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun; KTU Medical Faculty Farabi Hospital (C. Boz), Trabzon, Turkey; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Longueuil, Quebec, Canada; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena (P.S.); Department of Biomedical (D.F.), Metabolic and Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy; CISSS Chaudière-Appalache (P.G.), Levis, Quebec, Canada; Central Clinical School (H.B.), Monash University; Department of Neurology (H.B., O.S.), The Alfred Hospital; Department of Neurology (K.B., O.S.), Box Hill Hospital, Eastern Health; Monash University (K.B., O.S.), Melbourne, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.I.Y.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon; Hacettepe University (R.K.), Ankara, Turkey; Zuyderland Medical Centre (O. Gerlach), Department of Neurologie, Dr. H. van der Hoffplein 1, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands; School of Medicine and Public Health (J.L.-S.), University Newcastle; Department of Neurology (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Health, Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (D.M.), Neurology Unit, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (R.B.), Pavia, Italy; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (V.V.P.), Brussels; Université Catholique de Louvain (V.V.P.), Belgium; Ospedali Riuniti di Salerno (G. Iuliano); UOC Neurologia (E. Cartechini), Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Marche-AV3, Macerata, Italy; Hospital de Sao Joao (M.J.S.), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; Nemocnice Jihlava (R. Ampapa), Jihlava, Czech Republic; Brain and Mind Centre (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Royal Victoria Hospital (S.E.H.), Belfast, UK; Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol (C.M.R.-T.), Badalona, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), Sydney, Australia; Liverpool Hospital and Ingham Institute (S.H.), Australia; Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino (D.L.A.S.), Italy; Kommunehospitalet (T.P.), Aarhus, Denmark; Monash Medical Centre (E.G.B.), Melbourne; Flinders University (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; University College Dublin and St. Vincent's University Hospital (C. McGuigan), Ireland; University of Queensland (P.A.M.); Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Medicine and Surgery (F.G.), University of Parma; Department of Emergency and General Medicine (F.G.), Parma University Hospital, Italy; Hospital Italiano (E. Cristiano), Buenos Aires, Argentina; CSSS Saint-Jérôme (J.P.), Saint-Jerome, Quebec, Canada; Royal Hobart Hospital (B.V.T.), Australia; Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo (J.L.S.Ã.-M.), Galdakao, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10; University Hospital Ghent (L.V.H.), Ghent, Belgium; Westmead Hospital (S.V.), Sydney; Austin Health (R.A.M.), Melbourne, Australia; South East Trust (O. Gray), Belfast, UK; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia (J.O.), Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain; Hospital Fernandez (N.D.), Capital Federal, Argentina; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (Y.D.F.), Santos, Brazil; and Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Geelong, Australia.
Stella E HughesFrom the CORe (M.V., I.D., C.M., P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne MS Centre (M.V.), Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia; Melbourne MS Centre (P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (D.H., E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia; Multiple Sclerosis Center (F.P.), University of Catania, Italy; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), Konak/Izmir, Turkey; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G. Izquierdo, S.E.), Sevilla, Spain; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center (INRC) (V.S.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Iran; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences (M.O.), University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (A.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (A.L.), Universita di Bologna, Italy; Division of Neurology (R. Alroughani), Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait; CHUM MS Center and Universite de Montreal (A.P., C.L., M.G., P.D.), Quebec, Canada; Medical Faculty (M.T.), Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun; KTU Medical Faculty Farabi Hospital (C. Boz), Trabzon, Turkey; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Longueuil, Quebec, Canada; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena (P.S.); Department of Biomedical (D.F.), Metabolic and Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy; CISSS Chaudière-Appalache (P.G.), Levis, Quebec, Canada; Central Clinical School (H.B.), Monash University; Department of Neurology (H.B., O.S.), The Alfred Hospital; Department of Neurology (K.B., O.S.), Box Hill Hospital, Eastern Health; Monash University (K.B., O.S.), Melbourne, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.I.Y.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon; Hacettepe University (R.K.), Ankara, Turkey; Zuyderland Medical Centre (O. Gerlach), Department of Neurologie, Dr. H. van der Hoffplein 1, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands; School of Medicine and Public Health (J.L.-S.), University Newcastle; Department of Neurology (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Health, Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (D.M.), Neurology Unit, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (R.B.), Pavia, Italy; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (V.V.P.), Brussels; Université Catholique de Louvain (V.V.P.), Belgium; Ospedali Riuniti di Salerno (G. Iuliano); UOC Neurologia (E. Cartechini), Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Marche-AV3, Macerata, Italy; Hospital de Sao Joao (M.J.S.), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; Nemocnice Jihlava (R. Ampapa), Jihlava, Czech Republic; Brain and Mind Centre (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Royal Victoria Hospital (S.E.H.), Belfast, UK; Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol (C.M.R.-T.), Badalona, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), Sydney, Australia; Liverpool Hospital and Ingham Institute (S.H.), Australia; Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino (D.L.A.S.), Italy; Kommunehospitalet (T.P.), Aarhus, Denmark; Monash Medical Centre (E.G.B.), Melbourne; Flinders University (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; University College Dublin and St. Vincent's University Hospital (C. McGuigan), Ireland; University of Queensland (P.A.M.); Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Medicine and Surgery (F.G.), University of Parma; Department of Emergency and General Medicine (F.G.), Parma University Hospital, Italy; Hospital Italiano (E. Cristiano), Buenos Aires, Argentina; CSSS Saint-Jérôme (J.P.), Saint-Jerome, Quebec, Canada; Royal Hobart Hospital (B.V.T.), Australia; Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo (J.L.S.Ã.-M.), Galdakao, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10; University Hospital Ghent (L.V.H.), Ghent, Belgium; Westmead Hospital (S.V.), Sydney; Austin Health (R.A.M.), Melbourne, Australia; South East Trust (O. Gray), Belfast, UK; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia (J.O.), Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain; Hospital Fernandez (N.D.), Capital Federal, Argentina; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (Y.D.F.), Santos, Brazil; and Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Geelong, Australia.
Cristina M Ramo-TelloFrom the CORe (M.V., I.D., C.M., P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne MS Centre (M.V.), Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia; Melbourne MS Centre (P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (D.H., E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia; Multiple Sclerosis Center (F.P.), University of Catania, Italy; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), Konak/Izmir, Turkey; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G. Izquierdo, S.E.), Sevilla, Spain; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center (INRC) (V.S.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Iran; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences (M.O.), University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (A.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (A.L.), Universita di Bologna, Italy; Division of Neurology (R. Alroughani), Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait; CHUM MS Center and Universite de Montreal (A.P., C.L., M.G., P.D.), Quebec, Canada; Medical Faculty (M.T.), Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun; KTU Medical Faculty Farabi Hospital (C. Boz), Trabzon, Turkey; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Longueuil, Quebec, Canada; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena (P.S.); Department of Biomedical (D.F.), Metabolic and Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy; CISSS Chaudière-Appalache (P.G.), Levis, Quebec, Canada; Central Clinical School (H.B.), Monash University; Department of Neurology (H.B., O.S.), The Alfred Hospital; Department of Neurology (K.B., O.S.), Box Hill Hospital, Eastern Health; Monash University (K.B., O.S.), Melbourne, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.I.Y.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon; Hacettepe University (R.K.), Ankara, Turkey; Zuyderland Medical Centre (O. Gerlach), Department of Neurologie, Dr. H. van der Hoffplein 1, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands; School of Medicine and Public Health (J.L.-S.), University Newcastle; Department of Neurology (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Health, Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (D.M.), Neurology Unit, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (R.B.), Pavia, Italy; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (V.V.P.), Brussels; Université Catholique de Louvain (V.V.P.), Belgium; Ospedali Riuniti di Salerno (G. Iuliano); UOC Neurologia (E. Cartechini), Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Marche-AV3, Macerata, Italy; Hospital de Sao Joao (M.J.S.), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; Nemocnice Jihlava (R. Ampapa), Jihlava, Czech Republic; Brain and Mind Centre (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Royal Victoria Hospital (S.E.H.), Belfast, UK; Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol (C.M.R.-T.), Badalona, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), Sydney, Australia; Liverpool Hospital and Ingham Institute (S.H.), Australia; Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino (D.L.A.S.), Italy; Kommunehospitalet (T.P.), Aarhus, Denmark; Monash Medical Centre (E.G.B.), Melbourne; Flinders University (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; University College Dublin and St. Vincent's University Hospital (C. McGuigan), Ireland; University of Queensland (P.A.M.); Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Medicine and Surgery (F.G.), University of Parma; Department of Emergency and General Medicine (F.G.), Parma University Hospital, Italy; Hospital Italiano (E. Cristiano), Buenos Aires, Argentina; CSSS Saint-Jérôme (J.P.), Saint-Jerome, Quebec, Canada; Royal Hobart Hospital (B.V.T.), Australia; Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo (J.L.S.Ã.-M.), Galdakao, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10; University Hospital Ghent (L.V.H.), Ghent, Belgium; Westmead Hospital (S.V.), Sydney; Austin Health (R.A.M.), Melbourne, Australia; South East Trust (O. Gray), Belfast, UK; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia (J.O.), Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain; Hospital Fernandez (N.D.), Capital Federal, Argentina; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (Y.D.F.), Santos, Brazil; and Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Geelong, Australia.
Suzanne HodgkinsonFrom the CORe (M.V., I.D., C.M., P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne MS Centre (M.V.), Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia; Melbourne MS Centre (P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (D.H., E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia; Multiple Sclerosis Center (F.P.), University of Catania, Italy; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), Konak/Izmir, Turkey; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G. Izquierdo, S.E.), Sevilla, Spain; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center (INRC) (V.S.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Iran; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences (M.O.), University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (A.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (A.L.), Universita di Bologna, Italy; Division of Neurology (R. Alroughani), Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait; CHUM MS Center and Universite de Montreal (A.P., C.L., M.G., P.D.), Quebec, Canada; Medical Faculty (M.T.), Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun; KTU Medical Faculty Farabi Hospital (C. Boz), Trabzon, Turkey; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Longueuil, Quebec, Canada; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena (P.S.); Department of Biomedical (D.F.), Metabolic and Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy; CISSS Chaudière-Appalache (P.G.), Levis, Quebec, Canada; Central Clinical School (H.B.), Monash University; Department of Neurology (H.B., O.S.), The Alfred Hospital; Department of Neurology (K.B., O.S.), Box Hill Hospital, Eastern Health; Monash University (K.B., O.S.), Melbourne, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.I.Y.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon; Hacettepe University (R.K.), Ankara, Turkey; Zuyderland Medical Centre (O. Gerlach), Department of Neurologie, Dr. H. van der Hoffplein 1, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands; School of Medicine and Public Health (J.L.-S.), University Newcastle; Department of Neurology (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Health, Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (D.M.), Neurology Unit, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (R.B.), Pavia, Italy; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (V.V.P.), Brussels; Université Catholique de Louvain (V.V.P.), Belgium; Ospedali Riuniti di Salerno (G. Iuliano); UOC Neurologia (E. Cartechini), Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Marche-AV3, Macerata, Italy; Hospital de Sao Joao (M.J.S.), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; Nemocnice Jihlava (R. Ampapa), Jihlava, Czech Republic; Brain and Mind Centre (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Royal Victoria Hospital (S.E.H.), Belfast, UK; Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol (C.M.R.-T.), Badalona, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), Sydney, Australia; Liverpool Hospital and Ingham Institute (S.H.), Australia; Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino (D.L.A.S.), Italy; Kommunehospitalet (T.P.), Aarhus, Denmark; Monash Medical Centre (E.G.B.), Melbourne; Flinders University (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; University College Dublin and St. Vincent's University Hospital (C. McGuigan), Ireland; University of Queensland (P.A.M.); Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Medicine and Surgery (F.G.), University of Parma; Department of Emergency and General Medicine (F.G.), Parma University Hospital, Italy; Hospital Italiano (E. Cristiano), Buenos Aires, Argentina; CSSS Saint-Jérôme (J.P.), Saint-Jerome, Quebec, Canada; Royal Hobart Hospital (B.V.T.), Australia; Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo (J.L.S.Ã.-M.), Galdakao, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10; University Hospital Ghent (L.V.H.), Ghent, Belgium; Westmead Hospital (S.V.), Sydney; Austin Health (R.A.M.), Melbourne, Australia; South East Trust (O. Gray), Belfast, UK; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia (J.O.), Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain; Hospital Fernandez (N.D.), Capital Federal, Argentina; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (Y.D.F.), Santos, Brazil; and Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Geelong, Australia.
Daniele L A SpitaleriFrom the CORe (M.V., I.D., C.M., P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne MS Centre (M.V.), Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia; Melbourne MS Centre (P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (D.H., E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia; Multiple Sclerosis Center (F.P.), University of Catania, Italy; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), Konak/Izmir, Turkey; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G. Izquierdo, S.E.), Sevilla, Spain; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center (INRC) (V.S.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Iran; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences (M.O.), University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (A.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (A.L.), Universita di Bologna, Italy; Division of Neurology (R. Alroughani), Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait; CHUM MS Center and Universite de Montreal (A.P., C.L., M.G., P.D.), Quebec, Canada; Medical Faculty (M.T.), Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun; KTU Medical Faculty Farabi Hospital (C. Boz), Trabzon, Turkey; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Longueuil, Quebec, Canada; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena (P.S.); Department of Biomedical (D.F.), Metabolic and Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy; CISSS Chaudière-Appalache (P.G.), Levis, Quebec, Canada; Central Clinical School (H.B.), Monash University; Department of Neurology (H.B., O.S.), The Alfred Hospital; Department of Neurology (K.B., O.S.), Box Hill Hospital, Eastern Health; Monash University (K.B., O.S.), Melbourne, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.I.Y.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon; Hacettepe University (R.K.), Ankara, Turkey; Zuyderland Medical Centre (O. Gerlach), Department of Neurologie, Dr. H. van der Hoffplein 1, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands; School of Medicine and Public Health (J.L.-S.), University Newcastle; Department of Neurology (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Health, Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (D.M.), Neurology Unit, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (R.B.), Pavia, Italy; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (V.V.P.), Brussels; Université Catholique de Louvain (V.V.P.), Belgium; Ospedali Riuniti di Salerno (G. Iuliano); UOC Neurologia (E. Cartechini), Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Marche-AV3, Macerata, Italy; Hospital de Sao Joao (M.J.S.), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; Nemocnice Jihlava (R. Ampapa), Jihlava, Czech Republic; Brain and Mind Centre (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Royal Victoria Hospital (S.E.H.), Belfast, UK; Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol (C.M.R.-T.), Badalona, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), Sydney, Australia; Liverpool Hospital and Ingham Institute (S.H.), Australia; Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino (D.L.A.S.), Italy; Kommunehospitalet (T.P.), Aarhus, Denmark; Monash Medical Centre (E.G.B.), Melbourne; Flinders University (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; University College Dublin and St. Vincent's University Hospital (C. McGuigan), Ireland; University of Queensland (P.A.M.); Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Medicine and Surgery (F.G.), University of Parma; Department of Emergency and General Medicine (F.G.), Parma University Hospital, Italy; Hospital Italiano (E. Cristiano), Buenos Aires, Argentina; CSSS Saint-Jérôme (J.P.), Saint-Jerome, Quebec, Canada; Royal Hobart Hospital (B.V.T.), Australia; Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo (J.L.S.Ã.-M.), Galdakao, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10; University Hospital Ghent (L.V.H.), Ghent, Belgium; Westmead Hospital (S.V.), Sydney; Austin Health (R.A.M.), Melbourne, Australia; South East Trust (O. Gray), Belfast, UK; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia (J.O.), Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain; Hospital Fernandez (N.D.), Capital Federal, Argentina; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (Y.D.F.), Santos, Brazil; and Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Geelong, Australia.
Thor PetersenFrom the CORe (M.V., I.D., C.M., P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne MS Centre (M.V.), Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia; Melbourne MS Centre (P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (D.H., E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia; Multiple Sclerosis Center (F.P.), University of Catania, Italy; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), Konak/Izmir, Turkey; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G. Izquierdo, S.E.), Sevilla, Spain; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center (INRC) (V.S.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Iran; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences (M.O.), University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (A.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (A.L.), Universita di Bologna, Italy; Division of Neurology (R. Alroughani), Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait; CHUM MS Center and Universite de Montreal (A.P., C.L., M.G., P.D.), Quebec, Canada; Medical Faculty (M.T.), Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun; KTU Medical Faculty Farabi Hospital (C. Boz), Trabzon, Turkey; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Longueuil, Quebec, Canada; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena (P.S.); Department of Biomedical (D.F.), Metabolic and Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy; CISSS Chaudière-Appalache (P.G.), Levis, Quebec, Canada; Central Clinical School (H.B.), Monash University; Department of Neurology (H.B., O.S.), The Alfred Hospital; Department of Neurology (K.B., O.S.), Box Hill Hospital, Eastern Health; Monash University (K.B., O.S.), Melbourne, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.I.Y.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon; Hacettepe University (R.K.), Ankara, Turkey; Zuyderland Medical Centre (O. Gerlach), Department of Neurologie, Dr. H. van der Hoffplein 1, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands; School of Medicine and Public Health (J.L.-S.), University Newcastle; Department of Neurology (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Health, Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (D.M.), Neurology Unit, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (R.B.), Pavia, Italy; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (V.V.P.), Brussels; Université Catholique de Louvain (V.V.P.), Belgium; Ospedali Riuniti di Salerno (G. Iuliano); UOC Neurologia (E. Cartechini), Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Marche-AV3, Macerata, Italy; Hospital de Sao Joao (M.J.S.), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; Nemocnice Jihlava (R. Ampapa), Jihlava, Czech Republic; Brain and Mind Centre (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Royal Victoria Hospital (S.E.H.), Belfast, UK; Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol (C.M.R.-T.), Badalona, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), Sydney, Australia; Liverpool Hospital and Ingham Institute (S.H.), Australia; Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino (D.L.A.S.), Italy; Kommunehospitalet (T.P.), Aarhus, Denmark; Monash Medical Centre (E.G.B.), Melbourne; Flinders University (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; University College Dublin and St. Vincent's University Hospital (C. McGuigan), Ireland; University of Queensland (P.A.M.); Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Medicine and Surgery (F.G.), University of Parma; Department of Emergency and General Medicine (F.G.), Parma University Hospital, Italy; Hospital Italiano (E. Cristiano), Buenos Aires, Argentina; CSSS Saint-Jérôme (J.P.), Saint-Jerome, Quebec, Canada; Royal Hobart Hospital (B.V.T.), Australia; Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo (J.L.S.Ã.-M.), Galdakao, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10; University Hospital Ghent (L.V.H.), Ghent, Belgium; Westmead Hospital (S.V.), Sydney; Austin Health (R.A.M.), Melbourne, Australia; South East Trust (O. Gray), Belfast, UK; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia (J.O.), Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain; Hospital Fernandez (N.D.), Capital Federal, Argentina; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (Y.D.F.), Santos, Brazil; and Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Geelong, Australia.
Ernest Gerard ButlerFrom the CORe (M.V., I.D., C.M., P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne MS Centre (M.V.), Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia; Melbourne MS Centre (P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (D.H., E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia; Multiple Sclerosis Center (F.P.), University of Catania, Italy; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), Konak/Izmir, Turkey; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G. Izquierdo, S.E.), Sevilla, Spain; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center (INRC) (V.S.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Iran; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences (M.O.), University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (A.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (A.L.), Universita di Bologna, Italy; Division of Neurology (R. Alroughani), Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait; CHUM MS Center and Universite de Montreal (A.P., C.L., M.G., P.D.), Quebec, Canada; Medical Faculty (M.T.), Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun; KTU Medical Faculty Farabi Hospital (C. Boz), Trabzon, Turkey; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Longueuil, Quebec, Canada; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena (P.S.); Department of Biomedical (D.F.), Metabolic and Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy; CISSS Chaudière-Appalache (P.G.), Levis, Quebec, Canada; Central Clinical School (H.B.), Monash University; Department of Neurology (H.B., O.S.), The Alfred Hospital; Department of Neurology (K.B., O.S.), Box Hill Hospital, Eastern Health; Monash University (K.B., O.S.), Melbourne, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.I.Y.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon; Hacettepe University (R.K.), Ankara, Turkey; Zuyderland Medical Centre (O. Gerlach), Department of Neurologie, Dr. H. van der Hoffplein 1, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands; School of Medicine and Public Health (J.L.-S.), University Newcastle; Department of Neurology (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Health, Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (D.M.), Neurology Unit, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (R.B.), Pavia, Italy; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (V.V.P.), Brussels; Université Catholique de Louvain (V.V.P.), Belgium; Ospedali Riuniti di Salerno (G. Iuliano); UOC Neurologia (E. Cartechini), Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Marche-AV3, Macerata, Italy; Hospital de Sao Joao (M.J.S.), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; Nemocnice Jihlava (R. Ampapa), Jihlava, Czech Republic; Brain and Mind Centre (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Royal Victoria Hospital (S.E.H.), Belfast, UK; Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol (C.M.R.-T.), Badalona, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), Sydney, Australia; Liverpool Hospital and Ingham Institute (S.H.), Australia; Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino (D.L.A.S.), Italy; Kommunehospitalet (T.P.), Aarhus, Denmark; Monash Medical Centre (E.G.B.), Melbourne; Flinders University (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; University College Dublin and St. Vincent's University Hospital (C. McGuigan), Ireland; University of Queensland (P.A.M.); Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Medicine and Surgery (F.G.), University of Parma; Department of Emergency and General Medicine (F.G.), Parma University Hospital, Italy; Hospital Italiano (E. Cristiano), Buenos Aires, Argentina; CSSS Saint-Jérôme (J.P.), Saint-Jerome, Quebec, Canada; Royal Hobart Hospital (B.V.T.), Australia; Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo (J.L.S.Ã.-M.), Galdakao, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10; University Hospital Ghent (L.V.H.), Ghent, Belgium; Westmead Hospital (S.V.), Sydney; Austin Health (R.A.M.), Melbourne, Australia; South East Trust (O. Gray), Belfast, UK; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia (J.O.), Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain; Hospital Fernandez (N.D.), Capital Federal, Argentina; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (Y.D.F.), Santos, Brazil; and Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Geelong, Australia.
Mark SleeFrom the CORe (M.V., I.D., C.M., P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne MS Centre (M.V.), Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia; Melbourne MS Centre (P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (D.H., E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia; Multiple Sclerosis Center (F.P.), University of Catania, Italy; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), Konak/Izmir, Turkey; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G. Izquierdo, S.E.), Sevilla, Spain; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center (INRC) (V.S.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Iran; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences (M.O.), University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (A.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (A.L.), Universita di Bologna, Italy; Division of Neurology (R. Alroughani), Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait; CHUM MS Center and Universite de Montreal (A.P., C.L., M.G., P.D.), Quebec, Canada; Medical Faculty (M.T.), Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun; KTU Medical Faculty Farabi Hospital (C. Boz), Trabzon, Turkey; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Longueuil, Quebec, Canada; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena (P.S.); Department of Biomedical (D.F.), Metabolic and Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy; CISSS Chaudière-Appalache (P.G.), Levis, Quebec, Canada; Central Clinical School (H.B.), Monash University; Department of Neurology (H.B., O.S.), The Alfred Hospital; Department of Neurology (K.B., O.S.), Box Hill Hospital, Eastern Health; Monash University (K.B., O.S.), Melbourne, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.I.Y.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon; Hacettepe University (R.K.), Ankara, Turkey; Zuyderland Medical Centre (O. Gerlach), Department of Neurologie, Dr. H. van der Hoffplein 1, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands; School of Medicine and Public Health (J.L.-S.), University Newcastle; Department of Neurology (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Health, Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (D.M.), Neurology Unit, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (R.B.), Pavia, Italy; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (V.V.P.), Brussels; Université Catholique de Louvain (V.V.P.), Belgium; Ospedali Riuniti di Salerno (G. Iuliano); UOC Neurologia (E. Cartechini), Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Marche-AV3, Macerata, Italy; Hospital de Sao Joao (M.J.S.), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; Nemocnice Jihlava (R. Ampapa), Jihlava, Czech Republic; Brain and Mind Centre (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Royal Victoria Hospital (S.E.H.), Belfast, UK; Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol (C.M.R.-T.), Badalona, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), Sydney, Australia; Liverpool Hospital and Ingham Institute (S.H.), Australia; Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino (D.L.A.S.), Italy; Kommunehospitalet (T.P.), Aarhus, Denmark; Monash Medical Centre (E.G.B.), Melbourne; Flinders University (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; University College Dublin and St. Vincent's University Hospital (C. McGuigan), Ireland; University of Queensland (P.A.M.); Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Medicine and Surgery (F.G.), University of Parma; Department of Emergency and General Medicine (F.G.), Parma University Hospital, Italy; Hospital Italiano (E. Cristiano), Buenos Aires, Argentina; CSSS Saint-Jérôme (J.P.), Saint-Jerome, Quebec, Canada; Royal Hobart Hospital (B.V.T.), Australia; Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo (J.L.S.Ã.-M.), Galdakao, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10; University Hospital Ghent (L.V.H.), Ghent, Belgium; Westmead Hospital (S.V.), Sydney; Austin Health (R.A.M.), Melbourne, Australia; South East Trust (O. Gray), Belfast, UK; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia (J.O.), Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain; Hospital Fernandez (N.D.), Capital Federal, Argentina; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (Y.D.F.), Santos, Brazil; and Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Geelong, Australia.
Chris McGuiganFrom the CORe (M.V., I.D., C.M., P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne MS Centre (M.V.), Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia; Melbourne MS Centre (P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (D.H., E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia; Multiple Sclerosis Center (F.P.), University of Catania, Italy; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), Konak/Izmir, Turkey; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G. Izquierdo, S.E.), Sevilla, Spain; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center (INRC) (V.S.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Iran; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences (M.O.), University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (A.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (A.L.), Universita di Bologna, Italy; Division of Neurology (R. Alroughani), Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait; CHUM MS Center and Universite de Montreal (A.P., C.L., M.G., P.D.), Quebec, Canada; Medical Faculty (M.T.), Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun; KTU Medical Faculty Farabi Hospital (C. Boz), Trabzon, Turkey; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Longueuil, Quebec, Canada; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena (P.S.); Department of Biomedical (D.F.), Metabolic and Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy; CISSS Chaudière-Appalache (P.G.), Levis, Quebec, Canada; Central Clinical School (H.B.), Monash University; Department of Neurology (H.B., O.S.), The Alfred Hospital; Department of Neurology (K.B., O.S.), Box Hill Hospital, Eastern Health; Monash University (K.B., O.S.), Melbourne, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.I.Y.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon; Hacettepe University (R.K.), Ankara, Turkey; Zuyderland Medical Centre (O. Gerlach), Department of Neurologie, Dr. H. van der Hoffplein 1, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands; School of Medicine and Public Health (J.L.-S.), University Newcastle; Department of Neurology (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Health, Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (D.M.), Neurology Unit, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (R.B.), Pavia, Italy; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (V.V.P.), Brussels; Université Catholique de Louvain (V.V.P.), Belgium; Ospedali Riuniti di Salerno (G. Iuliano); UOC Neurologia (E. Cartechini), Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Marche-AV3, Macerata, Italy; Hospital de Sao Joao (M.J.S.), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; Nemocnice Jihlava (R. Ampapa), Jihlava, Czech Republic; Brain and Mind Centre (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Royal Victoria Hospital (S.E.H.), Belfast, UK; Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol (C.M.R.-T.), Badalona, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), Sydney, Australia; Liverpool Hospital and Ingham Institute (S.H.), Australia; Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino (D.L.A.S.), Italy; Kommunehospitalet (T.P.), Aarhus, Denmark; Monash Medical Centre (E.G.B.), Melbourne; Flinders University (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; University College Dublin and St. Vincent's University Hospital (C. McGuigan), Ireland; University of Queensland (P.A.M.); Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Medicine and Surgery (F.G.), University of Parma; Department of Emergency and General Medicine (F.G.), Parma University Hospital, Italy; Hospital Italiano (E. Cristiano), Buenos Aires, Argentina; CSSS Saint-Jérôme (J.P.), Saint-Jerome, Quebec, Canada; Royal Hobart Hospital (B.V.T.), Australia; Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo (J.L.S.Ã.-M.), Galdakao, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10; University Hospital Ghent (L.V.H.), Ghent, Belgium; Westmead Hospital (S.V.), Sydney; Austin Health (R.A.M.), Melbourne, Australia; South East Trust (O. Gray), Belfast, UK; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia (J.O.), Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain; Hospital Fernandez (N.D.), Capital Federal, Argentina; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (Y.D.F.), Santos, Brazil; and Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Geelong, Australia.
Pamela Ann McCombeFrom the CORe (M.V., I.D., C.M., P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne MS Centre (M.V.), Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia; Melbourne MS Centre (P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (D.H., E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia; Multiple Sclerosis Center (F.P.), University of Catania, Italy; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), Konak/Izmir, Turkey; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G. Izquierdo, S.E.), Sevilla, Spain; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center (INRC) (V.S.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Iran; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences (M.O.), University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (A.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (A.L.), Universita di Bologna, Italy; Division of Neurology (R. Alroughani), Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait; CHUM MS Center and Universite de Montreal (A.P., C.L., M.G., P.D.), Quebec, Canada; Medical Faculty (M.T.), Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun; KTU Medical Faculty Farabi Hospital (C. Boz), Trabzon, Turkey; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Longueuil, Quebec, Canada; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena (P.S.); Department of Biomedical (D.F.), Metabolic and Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy; CISSS Chaudière-Appalache (P.G.), Levis, Quebec, Canada; Central Clinical School (H.B.), Monash University; Department of Neurology (H.B., O.S.), The Alfred Hospital; Department of Neurology (K.B., O.S.), Box Hill Hospital, Eastern Health; Monash University (K.B., O.S.), Melbourne, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.I.Y.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon; Hacettepe University (R.K.), Ankara, Turkey; Zuyderland Medical Centre (O. Gerlach), Department of Neurologie, Dr. H. van der Hoffplein 1, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands; School of Medicine and Public Health (J.L.-S.), University Newcastle; Department of Neurology (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Health, Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (D.M.), Neurology Unit, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (R.B.), Pavia, Italy; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (V.V.P.), Brussels; Université Catholique de Louvain (V.V.P.), Belgium; Ospedali Riuniti di Salerno (G. Iuliano); UOC Neurologia (E. Cartechini), Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Marche-AV3, Macerata, Italy; Hospital de Sao Joao (M.J.S.), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; Nemocnice Jihlava (R. Ampapa), Jihlava, Czech Republic; Brain and Mind Centre (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Royal Victoria Hospital (S.E.H.), Belfast, UK; Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol (C.M.R.-T.), Badalona, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), Sydney, Australia; Liverpool Hospital and Ingham Institute (S.H.), Australia; Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino (D.L.A.S.), Italy; Kommunehospitalet (T.P.), Aarhus, Denmark; Monash Medical Centre (E.G.B.), Melbourne; Flinders University (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; University College Dublin and St. Vincent's University Hospital (C. McGuigan), Ireland; University of Queensland (P.A.M.); Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Medicine and Surgery (F.G.), University of Parma; Department of Emergency and General Medicine (F.G.), Parma University Hospital, Italy; Hospital Italiano (E. Cristiano), Buenos Aires, Argentina; CSSS Saint-Jérôme (J.P.), Saint-Jerome, Quebec, Canada; Royal Hobart Hospital (B.V.T.), Australia; Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo (J.L.S.Ã.-M.), Galdakao, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10; University Hospital Ghent (L.V.H.), Ghent, Belgium; Westmead Hospital (S.V.), Sydney; Austin Health (R.A.M.), Melbourne, Australia; South East Trust (O. Gray), Belfast, UK; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia (J.O.), Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain; Hospital Fernandez (N.D.), Capital Federal, Argentina; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (Y.D.F.), Santos, Brazil; and Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Geelong, Australia.
Franco GranellaFrom the CORe (M.V., I.D., C.M., P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne MS Centre (M.V.), Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia; Melbourne MS Centre (P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (D.H., E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia; Multiple Sclerosis Center (F.P.), University of Catania, Italy; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), Konak/Izmir, Turkey; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G. Izquierdo, S.E.), Sevilla, Spain; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center (INRC) (V.S.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Iran; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences (M.O.), University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (A.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (A.L.), Universita di Bologna, Italy; Division of Neurology (R. Alroughani), Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait; CHUM MS Center and Universite de Montreal (A.P., C.L., M.G., P.D.), Quebec, Canada; Medical Faculty (M.T.), Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun; KTU Medical Faculty Farabi Hospital (C. Boz), Trabzon, Turkey; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Longueuil, Quebec, Canada; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena (P.S.); Department of Biomedical (D.F.), Metabolic and Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy; CISSS Chaudière-Appalache (P.G.), Levis, Quebec, Canada; Central Clinical School (H.B.), Monash University; Department of Neurology (H.B., O.S.), The Alfred Hospital; Department of Neurology (K.B., O.S.), Box Hill Hospital, Eastern Health; Monash University (K.B., O.S.), Melbourne, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.I.Y.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon; Hacettepe University (R.K.), Ankara, Turkey; Zuyderland Medical Centre (O. Gerlach), Department of Neurologie, Dr. H. van der Hoffplein 1, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands; School of Medicine and Public Health (J.L.-S.), University Newcastle; Department of Neurology (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Health, Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (D.M.), Neurology Unit, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (R.B.), Pavia, Italy; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (V.V.P.), Brussels; Université Catholique de Louvain (V.V.P.), Belgium; Ospedali Riuniti di Salerno (G. Iuliano); UOC Neurologia (E. Cartechini), Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Marche-AV3, Macerata, Italy; Hospital de Sao Joao (M.J.S.), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; Nemocnice Jihlava (R. Ampapa), Jihlava, Czech Republic; Brain and Mind Centre (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Royal Victoria Hospital (S.E.H.), Belfast, UK; Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol (C.M.R.-T.), Badalona, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), Sydney, Australia; Liverpool Hospital and Ingham Institute (S.H.), Australia; Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino (D.L.A.S.), Italy; Kommunehospitalet (T.P.), Aarhus, Denmark; Monash Medical Centre (E.G.B.), Melbourne; Flinders University (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; University College Dublin and St. Vincent's University Hospital (C. McGuigan), Ireland; University of Queensland (P.A.M.); Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Medicine and Surgery (F.G.), University of Parma; Department of Emergency and General Medicine (F.G.), Parma University Hospital, Italy; Hospital Italiano (E. Cristiano), Buenos Aires, Argentina; CSSS Saint-Jérôme (J.P.), Saint-Jerome, Quebec, Canada; Royal Hobart Hospital (B.V.T.), Australia; Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo (J.L.S.Ã.-M.), Galdakao, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10; University Hospital Ghent (L.V.H.), Ghent, Belgium; Westmead Hospital (S.V.), Sydney; Austin Health (R.A.M.), Melbourne, Australia; South East Trust (O. Gray), Belfast, UK; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia (J.O.), Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain; Hospital Fernandez (N.D.), Capital Federal, Argentina; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (Y.D.F.), Santos, Brazil; and Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Geelong, Australia.
Edgardo CristianoFrom the CORe (M.V., I.D., C.M., P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne MS Centre (M.V.), Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia; Melbourne MS Centre (P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (D.H., E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia; Multiple Sclerosis Center (F.P.), University of Catania, Italy; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), Konak/Izmir, Turkey; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G. Izquierdo, S.E.), Sevilla, Spain; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center (INRC) (V.S.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Iran; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences (M.O.), University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (A.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (A.L.), Universita di Bologna, Italy; Division of Neurology (R. Alroughani), Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait; CHUM MS Center and Universite de Montreal (A.P., C.L., M.G., P.D.), Quebec, Canada; Medical Faculty (M.T.), Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun; KTU Medical Faculty Farabi Hospital (C. Boz), Trabzon, Turkey; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Longueuil, Quebec, Canada; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena (P.S.); Department of Biomedical (D.F.), Metabolic and Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy; CISSS Chaudière-Appalache (P.G.), Levis, Quebec, Canada; Central Clinical School (H.B.), Monash University; Department of Neurology (H.B., O.S.), The Alfred Hospital; Department of Neurology (K.B., O.S.), Box Hill Hospital, Eastern Health; Monash University (K.B., O.S.), Melbourne, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.I.Y.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon; Hacettepe University (R.K.), Ankara, Turkey; Zuyderland Medical Centre (O. Gerlach), Department of Neurologie, Dr. H. van der Hoffplein 1, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands; School of Medicine and Public Health (J.L.-S.), University Newcastle; Department of Neurology (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Health, Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (D.M.), Neurology Unit, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (R.B.), Pavia, Italy; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (V.V.P.), Brussels; Université Catholique de Louvain (V.V.P.), Belgium; Ospedali Riuniti di Salerno (G. Iuliano); UOC Neurologia (E. Cartechini), Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Marche-AV3, Macerata, Italy; Hospital de Sao Joao (M.J.S.), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; Nemocnice Jihlava (R. Ampapa), Jihlava, Czech Republic; Brain and Mind Centre (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Royal Victoria Hospital (S.E.H.), Belfast, UK; Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol (C.M.R.-T.), Badalona, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), Sydney, Australia; Liverpool Hospital and Ingham Institute (S.H.), Australia; Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino (D.L.A.S.), Italy; Kommunehospitalet (T.P.), Aarhus, Denmark; Monash Medical Centre (E.G.B.), Melbourne; Flinders University (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; University College Dublin and St. Vincent's University Hospital (C. McGuigan), Ireland; University of Queensland (P.A.M.); Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Medicine and Surgery (F.G.), University of Parma; Department of Emergency and General Medicine (F.G.), Parma University Hospital, Italy; Hospital Italiano (E. Cristiano), Buenos Aires, Argentina; CSSS Saint-Jérôme (J.P.), Saint-Jerome, Quebec, Canada; Royal Hobart Hospital (B.V.T.), Australia; Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo (J.L.S.Ã.-M.), Galdakao, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10; University Hospital Ghent (L.V.H.), Ghent, Belgium; Westmead Hospital (S.V.), Sydney; Austin Health (R.A.M.), Melbourne, Australia; South East Trust (O. Gray), Belfast, UK; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia (J.O.), Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain; Hospital Fernandez (N.D.), Capital Federal, Argentina; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (Y.D.F.), Santos, Brazil; and Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Geelong, Australia.
Julie PrevostFrom the CORe (M.V., I.D., C.M., P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne MS Centre (M.V.), Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia; Melbourne MS Centre (P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (D.H., E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia; Multiple Sclerosis Center (F.P.), University of Catania, Italy; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), Konak/Izmir, Turkey; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G. Izquierdo, S.E.), Sevilla, Spain; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center (INRC) (V.S.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Iran; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences (M.O.), University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (A.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (A.L.), Universita di Bologna, Italy; Division of Neurology (R. Alroughani), Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait; CHUM MS Center and Universite de Montreal (A.P., C.L., M.G., P.D.), Quebec, Canada; Medical Faculty (M.T.), Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun; KTU Medical Faculty Farabi Hospital (C. Boz), Trabzon, Turkey; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Longueuil, Quebec, Canada; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena (P.S.); Department of Biomedical (D.F.), Metabolic and Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy; CISSS Chaudière-Appalache (P.G.), Levis, Quebec, Canada; Central Clinical School (H.B.), Monash University; Department of Neurology (H.B., O.S.), The Alfred Hospital; Department of Neurology (K.B., O.S.), Box Hill Hospital, Eastern Health; Monash University (K.B., O.S.), Melbourne, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.I.Y.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon; Hacettepe University (R.K.), Ankara, Turkey; Zuyderland Medical Centre (O. Gerlach), Department of Neurologie, Dr. H. van der Hoffplein 1, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands; School of Medicine and Public Health (J.L.-S.), University Newcastle; Department of Neurology (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Health, Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (D.M.), Neurology Unit, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (R.B.), Pavia, Italy; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (V.V.P.), Brussels; Université Catholique de Louvain (V.V.P.), Belgium; Ospedali Riuniti di Salerno (G. Iuliano); UOC Neurologia (E. Cartechini), Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Marche-AV3, Macerata, Italy; Hospital de Sao Joao (M.J.S.), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; Nemocnice Jihlava (R. Ampapa), Jihlava, Czech Republic; Brain and Mind Centre (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Royal Victoria Hospital (S.E.H.), Belfast, UK; Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol (C.M.R.-T.), Badalona, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), Sydney, Australia; Liverpool Hospital and Ingham Institute (S.H.), Australia; Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino (D.L.A.S.), Italy; Kommunehospitalet (T.P.), Aarhus, Denmark; Monash Medical Centre (E.G.B.), Melbourne; Flinders University (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; University College Dublin and St. Vincent's University Hospital (C. McGuigan), Ireland; University of Queensland (P.A.M.); Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Medicine and Surgery (F.G.), University of Parma; Department of Emergency and General Medicine (F.G.), Parma University Hospital, Italy; Hospital Italiano (E. Cristiano), Buenos Aires, Argentina; CSSS Saint-Jérôme (J.P.), Saint-Jerome, Quebec, Canada; Royal Hobart Hospital (B.V.T.), Australia; Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo (J.L.S.Ã.-M.), Galdakao, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10; University Hospital Ghent (L.V.H.), Ghent, Belgium; Westmead Hospital (S.V.), Sydney; Austin Health (R.A.M.), Melbourne, Australia; South East Trust (O. Gray), Belfast, UK; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia (J.O.), Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain; Hospital Fernandez (N.D.), Capital Federal, Argentina; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (Y.D.F.), Santos, Brazil; and Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Geelong, Australia.
Bruce V TaylorFrom the CORe (M.V., I.D., C.M., P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne MS Centre (M.V.), Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia; Melbourne MS Centre (P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (D.H., E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia; Multiple Sclerosis Center (F.P.), University of Catania, Italy; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), Konak/Izmir, Turkey; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G. Izquierdo, S.E.), Sevilla, Spain; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center (INRC) (V.S.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Iran; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences (M.O.), University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (A.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (A.L.), Universita di Bologna, Italy; Division of Neurology (R. Alroughani), Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait; CHUM MS Center and Universite de Montreal (A.P., C.L., M.G., P.D.), Quebec, Canada; Medical Faculty (M.T.), Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun; KTU Medical Faculty Farabi Hospital (C. Boz), Trabzon, Turkey; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Longueuil, Quebec, Canada; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena (P.S.); Department of Biomedical (D.F.), Metabolic and Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy; CISSS Chaudière-Appalache (P.G.), Levis, Quebec, Canada; Central Clinical School (H.B.), Monash University; Department of Neurology (H.B., O.S.), The Alfred Hospital; Department of Neurology (K.B., O.S.), Box Hill Hospital, Eastern Health; Monash University (K.B., O.S.), Melbourne, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.I.Y.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon; Hacettepe University (R.K.), Ankara, Turkey; Zuyderland Medical Centre (O. Gerlach), Department of Neurologie, Dr. H. van der Hoffplein 1, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands; School of Medicine and Public Health (J.L.-S.), University Newcastle; Department of Neurology (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Health, Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (D.M.), Neurology Unit, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (R.B.), Pavia, Italy; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (V.V.P.), Brussels; Université Catholique de Louvain (V.V.P.), Belgium; Ospedali Riuniti di Salerno (G. Iuliano); UOC Neurologia (E. Cartechini), Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Marche-AV3, Macerata, Italy; Hospital de Sao Joao (M.J.S.), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; Nemocnice Jihlava (R. Ampapa), Jihlava, Czech Republic; Brain and Mind Centre (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Royal Victoria Hospital (S.E.H.), Belfast, UK; Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol (C.M.R.-T.), Badalona, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), Sydney, Australia; Liverpool Hospital and Ingham Institute (S.H.), Australia; Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino (D.L.A.S.), Italy; Kommunehospitalet (T.P.), Aarhus, Denmark; Monash Medical Centre (E.G.B.), Melbourne; Flinders University (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; University College Dublin and St. Vincent's University Hospital (C. McGuigan), Ireland; University of Queensland (P.A.M.); Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Medicine and Surgery (F.G.), University of Parma; Department of Emergency and General Medicine (F.G.), Parma University Hospital, Italy; Hospital Italiano (E. Cristiano), Buenos Aires, Argentina; CSSS Saint-Jérôme (J.P.), Saint-Jerome, Quebec, Canada; Royal Hobart Hospital (B.V.T.), Australia; Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo (J.L.S.Ã.-M.), Galdakao, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10; University Hospital Ghent (L.V.H.), Ghent, Belgium; Westmead Hospital (S.V.), Sydney; Austin Health (R.A.M.), Melbourne, Australia; South East Trust (O. Gray), Belfast, UK; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia (J.O.), Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain; Hospital Fernandez (N.D.), Capital Federal, Argentina; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (Y.D.F.), Santos, Brazil; and Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Geelong, Australia.
Josã Luis Sãnchez-MenoyoFrom the CORe (M.V., I.D., C.M., P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne MS Centre (M.V.), Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia; Melbourne MS Centre (P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (D.H., E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia; Multiple Sclerosis Center (F.P.), University of Catania, Italy; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), Konak/Izmir, Turkey; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G. Izquierdo, S.E.), Sevilla, Spain; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center (INRC) (V.S.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Iran; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences (M.O.), University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (A.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (A.L.), Universita di Bologna, Italy; Division of Neurology (R. Alroughani), Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait; CHUM MS Center and Universite de Montreal (A.P., C.L., M.G., P.D.), Quebec, Canada; Medical Faculty (M.T.), Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun; KTU Medical Faculty Farabi Hospital (C. Boz), Trabzon, Turkey; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Longueuil, Quebec, Canada; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena (P.S.); Department of Biomedical (D.F.), Metabolic and Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy; CISSS Chaudière-Appalache (P.G.), Levis, Quebec, Canada; Central Clinical School (H.B.), Monash University; Department of Neurology (H.B., O.S.), The Alfred Hospital; Department of Neurology (K.B., O.S.), Box Hill Hospital, Eastern Health; Monash University (K.B., O.S.), Melbourne, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.I.Y.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon; Hacettepe University (R.K.), Ankara, Turkey; Zuyderland Medical Centre (O. Gerlach), Department of Neurologie, Dr. H. van der Hoffplein 1, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands; School of Medicine and Public Health (J.L.-S.), University Newcastle; Department of Neurology (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Health, Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (D.M.), Neurology Unit, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (R.B.), Pavia, Italy; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (V.V.P.), Brussels; Université Catholique de Louvain (V.V.P.), Belgium; Ospedali Riuniti di Salerno (G. Iuliano); UOC Neurologia (E. Cartechini), Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Marche-AV3, Macerata, Italy; Hospital de Sao Joao (M.J.S.), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; Nemocnice Jihlava (R. Ampapa), Jihlava, Czech Republic; Brain and Mind Centre (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Royal Victoria Hospital (S.E.H.), Belfast, UK; Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol (C.M.R.-T.), Badalona, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), Sydney, Australia; Liverpool Hospital and Ingham Institute (S.H.), Australia; Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino (D.L.A.S.), Italy; Kommunehospitalet (T.P.), Aarhus, Denmark; Monash Medical Centre (E.G.B.), Melbourne; Flinders University (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; University College Dublin and St. Vincent's University Hospital (C. McGuigan), Ireland; University of Queensland (P.A.M.); Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Medicine and Surgery (F.G.), University of Parma; Department of Emergency and General Medicine (F.G.), Parma University Hospital, Italy; Hospital Italiano (E. Cristiano), Buenos Aires, Argentina; CSSS Saint-Jérôme (J.P.), Saint-Jerome, Quebec, Canada; Royal Hobart Hospital (B.V.T.), Australia; Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo (J.L.S.Ã.-M.), Galdakao, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10; University Hospital Ghent (L.V.H.), Ghent, Belgium; Westmead Hospital (S.V.), Sydney; Austin Health (R.A.M.), Melbourne, Australia; South East Trust (O. Gray), Belfast, UK; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia (J.O.), Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain; Hospital Fernandez (N.D.), Capital Federal, Argentina; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (Y.D.F.), Santos, Brazil; and Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Geelong, Australia.
Guy LaureysFrom the CORe (M.V., I.D., C.M., P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne MS Centre (M.V.), Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia; Melbourne MS Centre (P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (D.H., E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia; Multiple Sclerosis Center (F.P.), University of Catania, Italy; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), Konak/Izmir, Turkey; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G. Izquierdo, S.E.), Sevilla, Spain; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center (INRC) (V.S.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Iran; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences (M.O.), University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (A.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (A.L.), Universita di Bologna, Italy; Division of Neurology (R. Alroughani), Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait; CHUM MS Center and Universite de Montreal (A.P., C.L., M.G., P.D.), Quebec, Canada; Medical Faculty (M.T.), Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun; KTU Medical Faculty Farabi Hospital (C. Boz), Trabzon, Turkey; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Longueuil, Quebec, Canada; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena (P.S.); Department of Biomedical (D.F.), Metabolic and Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy; CISSS Chaudière-Appalache (P.G.), Levis, Quebec, Canada; Central Clinical School (H.B.), Monash University; Department of Neurology (H.B., O.S.), The Alfred Hospital; Department of Neurology (K.B., O.S.), Box Hill Hospital, Eastern Health; Monash University (K.B., O.S.), Melbourne, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.I.Y.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon; Hacettepe University (R.K.), Ankara, Turkey; Zuyderland Medical Centre (O. Gerlach), Department of Neurologie, Dr. H. van der Hoffplein 1, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands; School of Medicine and Public Health (J.L.-S.), University Newcastle; Department of Neurology (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Health, Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (D.M.), Neurology Unit, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (R.B.), Pavia, Italy; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (V.V.P.), Brussels; Université Catholique de Louvain (V.V.P.), Belgium; Ospedali Riuniti di Salerno (G. Iuliano); UOC Neurologia (E. Cartechini), Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Marche-AV3, Macerata, Italy; Hospital de Sao Joao (M.J.S.), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; Nemocnice Jihlava (R. Ampapa), Jihlava, Czech Republic; Brain and Mind Centre (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Royal Victoria Hospital (S.E.H.), Belfast, UK; Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol (C.M.R.-T.), Badalona, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), Sydney, Australia; Liverpool Hospital and Ingham Institute (S.H.), Australia; Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino (D.L.A.S.), Italy; Kommunehospitalet (T.P.), Aarhus, Denmark; Monash Medical Centre (E.G.B.), Melbourne; Flinders University (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; University College Dublin and St. Vincent's University Hospital (C. McGuigan), Ireland; University of Queensland (P.A.M.); Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Medicine and Surgery (F.G.), University of Parma; Department of Emergency and General Medicine (F.G.), Parma University Hospital, Italy; Hospital Italiano (E. Cristiano), Buenos Aires, Argentina; CSSS Saint-Jérôme (J.P.), Saint-Jerome, Quebec, Canada; Royal Hobart Hospital (B.V.T.), Australia; Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo (J.L.S.Ã.-M.), Galdakao, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10; University Hospital Ghent (L.V.H.), Ghent, Belgium; Westmead Hospital (S.V.), Sydney; Austin Health (R.A.M.), Melbourne, Australia; South East Trust (O. Gray), Belfast, UK; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia (J.O.), Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain; Hospital Fernandez (N.D.), Capital Federal, Argentina; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (Y.D.F.), Santos, Brazil; and Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Geelong, Australia.
Liesbeth Van HijfteFrom the CORe (M.V., I.D., C.M., P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne MS Centre (M.V.), Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia; Melbourne MS Centre (P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (D.H., E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia; Multiple Sclerosis Center (F.P.), University of Catania, Italy; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), Konak/Izmir, Turkey; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G. Izquierdo, S.E.), Sevilla, Spain; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center (INRC) (V.S.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Iran; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences (M.O.), University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (A.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (A.L.), Universita di Bologna, Italy; Division of Neurology (R. Alroughani), Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait; CHUM MS Center and Universite de Montreal (A.P., C.L., M.G., P.D.), Quebec, Canada; Medical Faculty (M.T.), Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun; KTU Medical Faculty Farabi Hospital (C. Boz), Trabzon, Turkey; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Longueuil, Quebec, Canada; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena (P.S.); Department of Biomedical (D.F.), Metabolic and Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy; CISSS Chaudière-Appalache (P.G.), Levis, Quebec, Canada; Central Clinical School (H.B.), Monash University; Department of Neurology (H.B., O.S.), The Alfred Hospital; Department of Neurology (K.B., O.S.), Box Hill Hospital, Eastern Health; Monash University (K.B., O.S.), Melbourne, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.I.Y.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon; Hacettepe University (R.K.), Ankara, Turkey; Zuyderland Medical Centre (O. Gerlach), Department of Neurologie, Dr. H. van der Hoffplein 1, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands; School of Medicine and Public Health (J.L.-S.), University Newcastle; Department of Neurology (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Health, Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (D.M.), Neurology Unit, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (R.B.), Pavia, Italy; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (V.V.P.), Brussels; Université Catholique de Louvain (V.V.P.), Belgium; Ospedali Riuniti di Salerno (G. Iuliano); UOC Neurologia (E. Cartechini), Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Marche-AV3, Macerata, Italy; Hospital de Sao Joao (M.J.S.), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; Nemocnice Jihlava (R. Ampapa), Jihlava, Czech Republic; Brain and Mind Centre (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Royal Victoria Hospital (S.E.H.), Belfast, UK; Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol (C.M.R.-T.), Badalona, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), Sydney, Australia; Liverpool Hospital and Ingham Institute (S.H.), Australia; Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino (D.L.A.S.), Italy; Kommunehospitalet (T.P.), Aarhus, Denmark; Monash Medical Centre (E.G.B.), Melbourne; Flinders University (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; University College Dublin and St. Vincent's University Hospital (C. McGuigan), Ireland; University of Queensland (P.A.M.); Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Medicine and Surgery (F.G.), University of Parma; Department of Emergency and General Medicine (F.G.), Parma University Hospital, Italy; Hospital Italiano (E. Cristiano), Buenos Aires, Argentina; CSSS Saint-Jérôme (J.P.), Saint-Jerome, Quebec, Canada; Royal Hobart Hospital (B.V.T.), Australia; Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo (J.L.S.Ã.-M.), Galdakao, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10; University Hospital Ghent (L.V.H.), Ghent, Belgium; Westmead Hospital (S.V.), Sydney; Austin Health (R.A.M.), Melbourne, Australia; South East Trust (O. Gray), Belfast, UK; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia (J.O.), Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain; Hospital Fernandez (N.D.), Capital Federal, Argentina; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (Y.D.F.), Santos, Brazil; and Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Geelong, Australia.
Steve VucicFrom the CORe (M.V., I.D., C.M., P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne MS Centre (M.V.), Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia; Melbourne MS Centre (P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (D.H., E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia; Multiple Sclerosis Center (F.P.), University of Catania, Italy; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), Konak/Izmir, Turkey; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G. Izquierdo, S.E.), Sevilla, Spain; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center (INRC) (V.S.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Iran; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences (M.O.), University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (A.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (A.L.), Universita di Bologna, Italy; Division of Neurology (R. Alroughani), Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait; CHUM MS Center and Universite de Montreal (A.P., C.L., M.G., P.D.), Quebec, Canada; Medical Faculty (M.T.), Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun; KTU Medical Faculty Farabi Hospital (C. Boz), Trabzon, Turkey; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Longueuil, Quebec, Canada; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena (P.S.); Department of Biomedical (D.F.), Metabolic and Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy; CISSS Chaudière-Appalache (P.G.), Levis, Quebec, Canada; Central Clinical School (H.B.), Monash University; Department of Neurology (H.B., O.S.), The Alfred Hospital; Department of Neurology (K.B., O.S.), Box Hill Hospital, Eastern Health; Monash University (K.B., O.S.), Melbourne, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.I.Y.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon; Hacettepe University (R.K.), Ankara, Turkey; Zuyderland Medical Centre (O. Gerlach), Department of Neurologie, Dr. H. van der Hoffplein 1, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands; School of Medicine and Public Health (J.L.-S.), University Newcastle; Department of Neurology (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Health, Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (D.M.), Neurology Unit, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (R.B.), Pavia, Italy; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (V.V.P.), Brussels; Université Catholique de Louvain (V.V.P.), Belgium; Ospedali Riuniti di Salerno (G. Iuliano); UOC Neurologia (E. Cartechini), Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Marche-AV3, Macerata, Italy; Hospital de Sao Joao (M.J.S.), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; Nemocnice Jihlava (R. Ampapa), Jihlava, Czech Republic; Brain and Mind Centre (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Royal Victoria Hospital (S.E.H.), Belfast, UK; Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol (C.M.R.-T.), Badalona, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), Sydney, Australia; Liverpool Hospital and Ingham Institute (S.H.), Australia; Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino (D.L.A.S.), Italy; Kommunehospitalet (T.P.), Aarhus, Denmark; Monash Medical Centre (E.G.B.), Melbourne; Flinders University (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; University College Dublin and St. Vincent's University Hospital (C. McGuigan), Ireland; University of Queensland (P.A.M.); Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Medicine and Surgery (F.G.), University of Parma; Department of Emergency and General Medicine (F.G.), Parma University Hospital, Italy; Hospital Italiano (E. Cristiano), Buenos Aires, Argentina; CSSS Saint-Jérôme (J.P.), Saint-Jerome, Quebec, Canada; Royal Hobart Hospital (B.V.T.), Australia; Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo (J.L.S.Ã.-M.), Galdakao, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10; University Hospital Ghent (L.V.H.), Ghent, Belgium; Westmead Hospital (S.V.), Sydney; Austin Health (R.A.M.), Melbourne, Australia; South East Trust (O. Gray), Belfast, UK; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia (J.O.), Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain; Hospital Fernandez (N.D.), Capital Federal, Argentina; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (Y.D.F.), Santos, Brazil; and Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Geelong, Australia.
Richard A MacdonellFrom the CORe (M.V., I.D., C.M., P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne MS Centre (M.V.), Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia; Melbourne MS Centre (P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (D.H., E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia; Multiple Sclerosis Center (F.P.), University of Catania, Italy; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), Konak/Izmir, Turkey; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G. Izquierdo, S.E.), Sevilla, Spain; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center (INRC) (V.S.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Iran; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences (M.O.), University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (A.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (A.L.), Universita di Bologna, Italy; Division of Neurology (R. Alroughani), Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait; CHUM MS Center and Universite de Montreal (A.P., C.L., M.G., P.D.), Quebec, Canada; Medical Faculty (M.T.), Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun; KTU Medical Faculty Farabi Hospital (C. Boz), Trabzon, Turkey; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Longueuil, Quebec, Canada; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena (P.S.); Department of Biomedical (D.F.), Metabolic and Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy; CISSS Chaudière-Appalache (P.G.), Levis, Quebec, Canada; Central Clinical School (H.B.), Monash University; Department of Neurology (H.B., O.S.), The Alfred Hospital; Department of Neurology (K.B., O.S.), Box Hill Hospital, Eastern Health; Monash University (K.B., O.S.), Melbourne, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.I.Y.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon; Hacettepe University (R.K.), Ankara, Turkey; Zuyderland Medical Centre (O. Gerlach), Department of Neurologie, Dr. H. van der Hoffplein 1, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands; School of Medicine and Public Health (J.L.-S.), University Newcastle; Department of Neurology (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Health, Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (D.M.), Neurology Unit, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (R.B.), Pavia, Italy; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (V.V.P.), Brussels; Université Catholique de Louvain (V.V.P.), Belgium; Ospedali Riuniti di Salerno (G. Iuliano); UOC Neurologia (E. Cartechini), Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Marche-AV3, Macerata, Italy; Hospital de Sao Joao (M.J.S.), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; Nemocnice Jihlava (R. Ampapa), Jihlava, Czech Republic; Brain and Mind Centre (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Royal Victoria Hospital (S.E.H.), Belfast, UK; Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol (C.M.R.-T.), Badalona, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), Sydney, Australia; Liverpool Hospital and Ingham Institute (S.H.), Australia; Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino (D.L.A.S.), Italy; Kommunehospitalet (T.P.), Aarhus, Denmark; Monash Medical Centre (E.G.B.), Melbourne; Flinders University (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; University College Dublin and St. Vincent's University Hospital (C. McGuigan), Ireland; University of Queensland (P.A.M.); Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Medicine and Surgery (F.G.), University of Parma; Department of Emergency and General Medicine (F.G.), Parma University Hospital, Italy; Hospital Italiano (E. Cristiano), Buenos Aires, Argentina; CSSS Saint-Jérôme (J.P.), Saint-Jerome, Quebec, Canada; Royal Hobart Hospital (B.V.T.), Australia; Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo (J.L.S.Ã.-M.), Galdakao, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10; University Hospital Ghent (L.V.H.), Ghent, Belgium; Westmead Hospital (S.V.), Sydney; Austin Health (R.A.M.), Melbourne, Australia; South East Trust (O. Gray), Belfast, UK; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia (J.O.), Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain; Hospital Fernandez (N.D.), Capital Federal, Argentina; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (Y.D.F.), Santos, Brazil; and Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Geelong, Australia.
Orla GrayFrom the CORe (M.V., I.D., C.M., P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne MS Centre (M.V.), Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia; Melbourne MS Centre (P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (D.H., E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia; Multiple Sclerosis Center (F.P.), University of Catania, Italy; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), Konak/Izmir, Turkey; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G. Izquierdo, S.E.), Sevilla, Spain; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center (INRC) (V.S.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Iran; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences (M.O.), University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (A.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (A.L.), Universita di Bologna, Italy; Division of Neurology (R. Alroughani), Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait; CHUM MS Center and Universite de Montreal (A.P., C.L., M.G., P.D.), Quebec, Canada; Medical Faculty (M.T.), Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun; KTU Medical Faculty Farabi Hospital (C. Boz), Trabzon, Turkey; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Longueuil, Quebec, Canada; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena (P.S.); Department of Biomedical (D.F.), Metabolic and Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy; CISSS Chaudière-Appalache (P.G.), Levis, Quebec, Canada; Central Clinical School (H.B.), Monash University; Department of Neurology (H.B., O.S.), The Alfred Hospital; Department of Neurology (K.B., O.S.), Box Hill Hospital, Eastern Health; Monash University (K.B., O.S.), Melbourne, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.I.Y.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon; Hacettepe University (R.K.), Ankara, Turkey; Zuyderland Medical Centre (O. Gerlach), Department of Neurologie, Dr. H. van der Hoffplein 1, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands; School of Medicine and Public Health (J.L.-S.), University Newcastle; Department of Neurology (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Health, Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (D.M.), Neurology Unit, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (R.B.), Pavia, Italy; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (V.V.P.), Brussels; Université Catholique de Louvain (V.V.P.), Belgium; Ospedali Riuniti di Salerno (G. Iuliano); UOC Neurologia (E. Cartechini), Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Marche-AV3, Macerata, Italy; Hospital de Sao Joao (M.J.S.), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; Nemocnice Jihlava (R. Ampapa), Jihlava, Czech Republic; Brain and Mind Centre (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Royal Victoria Hospital (S.E.H.), Belfast, UK; Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol (C.M.R.-T.), Badalona, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), Sydney, Australia; Liverpool Hospital and Ingham Institute (S.H.), Australia; Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino (D.L.A.S.), Italy; Kommunehospitalet (T.P.), Aarhus, Denmark; Monash Medical Centre (E.G.B.), Melbourne; Flinders University (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; University College Dublin and St. Vincent's University Hospital (C. McGuigan), Ireland; University of Queensland (P.A.M.); Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Medicine and Surgery (F.G.), University of Parma; Department of Emergency and General Medicine (F.G.), Parma University Hospital, Italy; Hospital Italiano (E. Cristiano), Buenos Aires, Argentina; CSSS Saint-Jérôme (J.P.), Saint-Jerome, Quebec, Canada; Royal Hobart Hospital (B.V.T.), Australia; Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo (J.L.S.Ã.-M.), Galdakao, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10; University Hospital Ghent (L.V.H.), Ghent, Belgium; Westmead Hospital (S.V.), Sydney; Austin Health (R.A.M.), Melbourne, Australia; South East Trust (O. Gray), Belfast, UK; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia (J.O.), Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain; Hospital Fernandez (N.D.), Capital Federal, Argentina; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (Y.D.F.), Santos, Brazil; and Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Geelong, Australia.
Javier OlascoagaFrom the CORe (M.V., I.D., C.M., P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne MS Centre (M.V.), Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia; Melbourne MS Centre (P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (D.H., E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia; Multiple Sclerosis Center (F.P.), University of Catania, Italy; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), Konak/Izmir, Turkey; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G. Izquierdo, S.E.), Sevilla, Spain; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center (INRC) (V.S.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Iran; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences (M.O.), University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (A.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (A.L.), Universita di Bologna, Italy; Division of Neurology (R. Alroughani), Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait; CHUM MS Center and Universite de Montreal (A.P., C.L., M.G., P.D.), Quebec, Canada; Medical Faculty (M.T.), Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun; KTU Medical Faculty Farabi Hospital (C. Boz), Trabzon, Turkey; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Longueuil, Quebec, Canada; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena (P.S.); Department of Biomedical (D.F.), Metabolic and Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy; CISSS Chaudière-Appalache (P.G.), Levis, Quebec, Canada; Central Clinical School (H.B.), Monash University; Department of Neurology (H.B., O.S.), The Alfred Hospital; Department of Neurology (K.B., O.S.), Box Hill Hospital, Eastern Health; Monash University (K.B., O.S.), Melbourne, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.I.Y.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon; Hacettepe University (R.K.), Ankara, Turkey; Zuyderland Medical Centre (O. Gerlach), Department of Neurologie, Dr. H. van der Hoffplein 1, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands; School of Medicine and Public Health (J.L.-S.), University Newcastle; Department of Neurology (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Health, Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (D.M.), Neurology Unit, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (R.B.), Pavia, Italy; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (V.V.P.), Brussels; Université Catholique de Louvain (V.V.P.), Belgium; Ospedali Riuniti di Salerno (G. Iuliano); UOC Neurologia (E. Cartechini), Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Marche-AV3, Macerata, Italy; Hospital de Sao Joao (M.J.S.), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; Nemocnice Jihlava (R. Ampapa), Jihlava, Czech Republic; Brain and Mind Centre (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Royal Victoria Hospital (S.E.H.), Belfast, UK; Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol (C.M.R.-T.), Badalona, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), Sydney, Australia; Liverpool Hospital and Ingham Institute (S.H.), Australia; Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino (D.L.A.S.), Italy; Kommunehospitalet (T.P.), Aarhus, Denmark; Monash Medical Centre (E.G.B.), Melbourne; Flinders University (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; University College Dublin and St. Vincent's University Hospital (C. McGuigan), Ireland; University of Queensland (P.A.M.); Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Medicine and Surgery (F.G.), University of Parma; Department of Emergency and General Medicine (F.G.), Parma University Hospital, Italy; Hospital Italiano (E. Cristiano), Buenos Aires, Argentina; CSSS Saint-Jérôme (J.P.), Saint-Jerome, Quebec, Canada; Royal Hobart Hospital (B.V.T.), Australia; Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo (J.L.S.Ã.-M.), Galdakao, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10; University Hospital Ghent (L.V.H.), Ghent, Belgium; Westmead Hospital (S.V.), Sydney; Austin Health (R.A.M.), Melbourne, Australia; South East Trust (O. Gray), Belfast, UK; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia (J.O.), Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain; Hospital Fernandez (N.D.), Capital Federal, Argentina; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (Y.D.F.), Santos, Brazil; and Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Geelong, Australia.
Norma DeriFrom the CORe (M.V., I.D., C.M., P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne MS Centre (M.V.), Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia; Melbourne MS Centre (P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (D.H., E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia; Multiple Sclerosis Center (F.P.), University of Catania, Italy; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), Konak/Izmir, Turkey; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G. Izquierdo, S.E.), Sevilla, Spain; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center (INRC) (V.S.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Iran; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences (M.O.), University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (A.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (A.L.), Universita di Bologna, Italy; Division of Neurology (R. Alroughani), Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait; CHUM MS Center and Universite de Montreal (A.P., C.L., M.G., P.D.), Quebec, Canada; Medical Faculty (M.T.), Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun; KTU Medical Faculty Farabi Hospital (C. Boz), Trabzon, Turkey; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Longueuil, Quebec, Canada; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena (P.S.); Department of Biomedical (D.F.), Metabolic and Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy; CISSS Chaudière-Appalache (P.G.), Levis, Quebec, Canada; Central Clinical School (H.B.), Monash University; Department of Neurology (H.B., O.S.), The Alfred Hospital; Department of Neurology (K.B., O.S.), Box Hill Hospital, Eastern Health; Monash University (K.B., O.S.), Melbourne, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.I.Y.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon; Hacettepe University (R.K.), Ankara, Turkey; Zuyderland Medical Centre (O. Gerlach), Department of Neurologie, Dr. H. van der Hoffplein 1, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands; School of Medicine and Public Health (J.L.-S.), University Newcastle; Department of Neurology (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Health, Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (D.M.), Neurology Unit, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (R.B.), Pavia, Italy; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (V.V.P.), Brussels; Université Catholique de Louvain (V.V.P.), Belgium; Ospedali Riuniti di Salerno (G. Iuliano); UOC Neurologia (E. Cartechini), Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Marche-AV3, Macerata, Italy; Hospital de Sao Joao (M.J.S.), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; Nemocnice Jihlava (R. Ampapa), Jihlava, Czech Republic; Brain and Mind Centre (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Royal Victoria Hospital (S.E.H.), Belfast, UK; Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol (C.M.R.-T.), Badalona, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), Sydney, Australia; Liverpool Hospital and Ingham Institute (S.H.), Australia; Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino (D.L.A.S.), Italy; Kommunehospitalet (T.P.), Aarhus, Denmark; Monash Medical Centre (E.G.B.), Melbourne; Flinders University (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; University College Dublin and St. Vincent's University Hospital (C. McGuigan), Ireland; University of Queensland (P.A.M.); Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Medicine and Surgery (F.G.), University of Parma; Department of Emergency and General Medicine (F.G.), Parma University Hospital, Italy; Hospital Italiano (E. Cristiano), Buenos Aires, Argentina; CSSS Saint-Jérôme (J.P.), Saint-Jerome, Quebec, Canada; Royal Hobart Hospital (B.V.T.), Australia; Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo (J.L.S.Ã.-M.), Galdakao, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10; University Hospital Ghent (L.V.H.), Ghent, Belgium; Westmead Hospital (S.V.), Sydney; Austin Health (R.A.M.), Melbourne, Australia; South East Trust (O. Gray), Belfast, UK; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia (J.O.), Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain; Hospital Fernandez (N.D.), Capital Federal, Argentina; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (Y.D.F.), Santos, Brazil; and Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Geelong, Australia.
Yara Dadalti FragosoFrom the CORe (M.V., I.D., C.M., P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne MS Centre (M.V.), Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia; Melbourne MS Centre (P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (D.H., E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia; Multiple Sclerosis Center (F.P.), University of Catania, Italy; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), Konak/Izmir, Turkey; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G. Izquierdo, S.E.), Sevilla, Spain; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center (INRC) (V.S.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Iran; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences (M.O.), University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (A.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (A.L.), Universita di Bologna, Italy; Division of Neurology (R. Alroughani), Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait; CHUM MS Center and Universite de Montreal (A.P., C.L., M.G., P.D.), Quebec, Canada; Medical Faculty (M.T.), Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun; KTU Medical Faculty Farabi Hospital (C. Boz), Trabzon, Turkey; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Longueuil, Quebec, Canada; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena (P.S.); Department of Biomedical (D.F.), Metabolic and Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy; CISSS Chaudière-Appalache (P.G.), Levis, Quebec, Canada; Central Clinical School (H.B.), Monash University; Department of Neurology (H.B., O.S.), The Alfred Hospital; Department of Neurology (K.B., O.S.), Box Hill Hospital, Eastern Health; Monash University (K.B., O.S.), Melbourne, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.I.Y.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon; Hacettepe University (R.K.), Ankara, Turkey; Zuyderland Medical Centre (O. Gerlach), Department of Neurologie, Dr. H. van der Hoffplein 1, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands; School of Medicine and Public Health (J.L.-S.), University Newcastle; Department of Neurology (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Health, Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (D.M.), Neurology Unit, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (R.B.), Pavia, Italy; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (V.V.P.), Brussels; Université Catholique de Louvain (V.V.P.), Belgium; Ospedali Riuniti di Salerno (G. Iuliano); UOC Neurologia (E. Cartechini), Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Marche-AV3, Macerata, Italy; Hospital de Sao Joao (M.J.S.), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; Nemocnice Jihlava (R. Ampapa), Jihlava, Czech Republic; Brain and Mind Centre (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Royal Victoria Hospital (S.E.H.), Belfast, UK; Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol (C.M.R.-T.), Badalona, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), Sydney, Australia; Liverpool Hospital and Ingham Institute (S.H.), Australia; Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino (D.L.A.S.), Italy; Kommunehospitalet (T.P.), Aarhus, Denmark; Monash Medical Centre (E.G.B.), Melbourne; Flinders University (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; University College Dublin and St. Vincent's University Hospital (C. McGuigan), Ireland; University of Queensland (P.A.M.); Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Medicine and Surgery (F.G.), University of Parma; Department of Emergency and General Medicine (F.G.), Parma University Hospital, Italy; Hospital Italiano (E. Cristiano), Buenos Aires, Argentina; CSSS Saint-Jérôme (J.P.), Saint-Jerome, Quebec, Canada; Royal Hobart Hospital (B.V.T.), Australia; Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo (J.L.S.Ã.-M.), Galdakao, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10; University Hospital Ghent (L.V.H.), Ghent, Belgium; Westmead Hospital (S.V.), Sydney; Austin Health (R.A.M.), Melbourne, Australia; South East Trust (O. Gray), Belfast, UK; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia (J.O.), Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain; Hospital Fernandez (N.D.), Capital Federal, Argentina; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (Y.D.F.), Santos, Brazil; and Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Geelong, Australia.
Cameron ShawFrom the CORe (M.V., I.D., C.M., P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne MS Centre (M.V.), Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia; Melbourne MS Centre (P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (D.H., E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia; Multiple Sclerosis Center (F.P.), University of Catania, Italy; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), Konak/Izmir, Turkey; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G. Izquierdo, S.E.), Sevilla, Spain; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center (INRC) (V.S.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Iran; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences (M.O.), University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (A.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (A.L.), Universita di Bologna, Italy; Division of Neurology (R. Alroughani), Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait; CHUM MS Center and Universite de Montreal (A.P., C.L., M.G., P.D.), Quebec, Canada; Medical Faculty (M.T.), Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun; KTU Medical Faculty Farabi Hospital (C. Boz), Trabzon, Turkey; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Longueuil, Quebec, Canada; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena (P.S.); Department of Biomedical (D.F.), Metabolic and Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy; CISSS Chaudière-Appalache (P.G.), Levis, Quebec, Canada; Central Clinical School (H.B.), Monash University; Department of Neurology (H.B., O.S.), The Alfred Hospital; Department of Neurology (K.B., O.S.), Box Hill Hospital, Eastern Health; Monash University (K.B., O.S.), Melbourne, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.I.Y.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon; Hacettepe University (R.K.), Ankara, Turkey; Zuyderland Medical Centre (O. Gerlach), Department of Neurologie, Dr. H. van der Hoffplein 1, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands; School of Medicine and Public Health (J.L.-S.), University Newcastle; Department of Neurology (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Health, Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (D.M.), Neurology Unit, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (R.B.), Pavia, Italy; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (V.V.P.), Brussels; Université Catholique de Louvain (V.V.P.), Belgium; Ospedali Riuniti di Salerno (G. Iuliano); UOC Neurologia (E. Cartechini), Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Marche-AV3, Macerata, Italy; Hospital de Sao Joao (M.J.S.), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; Nemocnice Jihlava (R. Ampapa), Jihlava, Czech Republic; Brain and Mind Centre (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Royal Victoria Hospital (S.E.H.), Belfast, UK; Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol (C.M.R.-T.), Badalona, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), Sydney, Australia; Liverpool Hospital and Ingham Institute (S.H.), Australia; Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino (D.L.A.S.), Italy; Kommunehospitalet (T.P.), Aarhus, Denmark; Monash Medical Centre (E.G.B.), Melbourne; Flinders University (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; University College Dublin and St. Vincent's University Hospital (C. McGuigan), Ireland; University of Queensland (P.A.M.); Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Medicine and Surgery (F.G.), University of Parma; Department of Emergency and General Medicine (F.G.), Parma University Hospital, Italy; Hospital Italiano (E. Cristiano), Buenos Aires, Argentina; CSSS Saint-Jérôme (J.P.), Saint-Jerome, Quebec, Canada; Royal Hobart Hospital (B.V.T.), Australia; Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo (J.L.S.Ã.-M.), Galdakao, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10; University Hospital Ghent (L.V.H.), Ghent, Belgium; Westmead Hospital (S.V.), Sydney; Austin Health (R.A.M.), Melbourne, Australia; South East Trust (O. Gray), Belfast, UK; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia (J.O.), Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain; Hospital Fernandez (N.D.), Capital Federal, Argentina; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (Y.D.F.), Santos, Brazil; and Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Geelong, Australia.
Tomas KalincikFrom the CORe (M.V., I.D., C.M., P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne MS Centre (M.V.), Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia; Melbourne MS Centre (P.D.M.P., T.K.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (D.H., E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia; Multiple Sclerosis Center (F.P.), University of Catania, Italy; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), Konak/Izmir, Turkey; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G. Izquierdo, S.E.), Sevilla, Spain; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center (INRC) (V.S.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Iran; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences (M.O.), University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (A.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (A.L.), Universita di Bologna, Italy; Division of Neurology (R. Alroughani), Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait; CHUM MS Center and Universite de Montreal (A.P., C.L., M.G., P.D.), Quebec, Canada; Medical Faculty (M.T.), Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun; KTU Medical Faculty Farabi Hospital (C. Boz), Trabzon, Turkey; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Longueuil, Quebec, Canada; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena (P.S.); Department of Biomedical (D.F.), Metabolic and Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy; CISSS Chaudière-Appalache (P.G.), Levis, Quebec, Canada; Central Clinical School (H.B.), Monash University; Department of Neurology (H.B., O.S.), The Alfred Hospital; Department of Neurology (K.B., O.S.), Box Hill Hospital, Eastern Health; Monash University (K.B., O.S.), Melbourne, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.I.Y.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon; Hacettepe University (R.K.), Ankara, Turkey; Zuyderland Medical Centre (O. Gerlach), Department of Neurologie, Dr. H. van der Hoffplein 1, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands; School of Medicine and Public Health (J.L.-S.), University Newcastle; Department of Neurology (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Health, Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (D.M.), Neurology Unit, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (R.B.), Pavia, Italy; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (V.V.P.), Brussels; Université Catholique de Louvain (V.V.P.), Belgium; Ospedali Riuniti di Salerno (G. Iuliano); UOC Neurologia (E. Cartechini), Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Marche-AV3, Macerata, Italy; Hospital de Sao Joao (M.J.S.), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; Nemocnice Jihlava (R. Ampapa), Jihlava, Czech Republic; Brain and Mind Centre (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Royal Victoria Hospital (S.E.H.), Belfast, UK; Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol (C.M.R.-T.), Badalona, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), Sydney, Australia; Liverpool Hospital and Ingham Institute (S.H.), Australia; Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino (D.L.A.S.), Italy; Kommunehospitalet (T.P.), Aarhus, Denmark; Monash Medical Centre (E.G.B.), Melbourne; Flinders University (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; University College Dublin and St. Vincent's University Hospital (C. McGuigan), Ireland; University of Queensland (P.A.M.); Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Medicine and Surgery (F.G.), University of Parma; Department of Emergency and General Medicine (F.G.), Parma University Hospital, Italy; Hospital Italiano (E. Cristiano), Buenos Aires, Argentina; CSSS Saint-Jérôme (J.P.), Saint-Jerome, Quebec, Canada; Royal Hobart Hospital (B.V.T.), Australia; Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo (J.L.S.Ã.-M.), Galdakao, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10; University Hospital Ghent (L.V.H.), Ghent, Belgium; Westmead Hospital (S.V.), Sydney; Austin Health (R.A.M.), Melbourne, Australia; South East Trust (O. Gray), Belfast, UK; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia (J.O.), Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain; Hospital Fernandez (N.D.), Capital Federal, Argentina; Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (Y.D.F.), Santos, Brazil; and Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Geelong, Australia. tomas.kalincik@unimelb.edu.au.
MSBase Study Group
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesThe severity of multiple sclerosis (MS) varies widely among individuals. Understanding the determinants of this heterogeneity will help clinicians optimize the management of MS. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between latitude of residence, UV B radiation (UVB) exposure, and the severity of MS.
methodsThis observational study used the MSBase registry data. The included patients met the 2005 or 2010 McDonald diagnostic criteria for MS and had a minimum dataset recorded in the registry (date of birth, sex, clinic location, date of MS symptom onset, disease phenotype at baseline and censoring, and ≥1 Expanded Disability Status Scale score recorded). The latitude of each study center and cumulative annualized UVB dose at study center (calculated from National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer) at ages 6 and 18 years and the year of disability assessment were calculated. Disease severity was quantified with Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score (MSSS). Quadratic regression was used to model the associations between latitude, UVB, and MSSS.
resultsThe 46,128 patients who contributed 453,208 visits and a cumulative follow-up of 351,196 patient-years (70% women, mean age 39.2 ± 12 years, resident between latitudes 19°35' and 56°16') were included in this study. Latitude showed a nonlinear association with MS severity. In latitudes <40°, more severe disease was associated with higher latitudes (β = 0.08, 95% CI 0.04-0.12). For example, this translates into a mean difference of 1.3 points of MSSS between patients living in Madrid and Copenhagen. No such association was observed in latitudes <40° (β = -0.02, 95% CI -0.06 to 0.03). The overall disability accrual was faster in those with a lower level of estimated UVB exposure before the age of 6 years (β = - 0.5, 95% CI -0.6 to 0.4) and 18 years (β = - 0.6, 95% CI -0.7 to 0.4), as well as with lower lifetime UVB exposure at the time of disability assessment (β = -1.0, 95% CI -1.1 to 0.9). DISCUSSION: In temperate zones, MS severity is associated with latitude. This association is mainly, but not exclusively, driven by UVB exposure contributing to both MS susceptibility and severity.
Indexed as
Multiple SclerosisDisability EvaluationFemaleHumansMaleRegistriesSeverity of Illness IndexUltraviolet Rays
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