ArticleExperimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.)2022
The "ideal protein" concept is not ideal in animal nutrition.
Article in Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Balancing essential amino acids in low-protein diets: Impacts on growth performance, amino acid transport, and cecal microbiota in yellow-feathered chickens.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Effects of Dietary Sulphur Amino Acid Levels on Growth Performance, Meat Quality, Nutrient Digestibility, Serum Biochemistry and Feather Follicle Transcriptomics in Jiangnan White Goslings.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Effects of Dietary Methionine and Lysine Balance on Intestinal Function and Immune Organ Development in Wanxi White Geese During the Brooding Period.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Challenges and Methodologies to Assess Protein Requirement and Quality Across Different Life Stages in Dogs: A Review.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Review
- Sustainable swine production: reducing environmental impacts through cropping systems and manure management.Journal of animal science · 2026Review
- Can dietary protease ameliorate performance and gut integrity in broilers fed on a diet low in digestible lysine?Poultry science · 2025Article
- Effect of Supplementing Lysine and Isoleucine as Limiting Amino Acids on Growth Performance and Amino Acid Deposition ofInsects · 2025Article
- Growth performance of male broiler chickens in different growth phases in response to amino acid concentrations in the pre-starter diet.Journal of animal science and technology · 2025Article
- Attitudes and Beliefs Towards Ration Planning Among German Organic Pig and Poultry Farmers.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Article
- Beef- and Pork-Based Dishes from Catering Services: Composition and In Vitro Digestion Effects on Digestibility and Lipid Oxidation.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- ASAS-NANP symposium: mathematical modeling in animal nutrition: overview of poultry nutrition modeling.Journal of animal science · 2025Review
- Considerations for protein and amino acids in standardized reference diet for parthenogenetic marbled crayfish Procambarus virginalis model organism.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Metabolism and Nutrition of L-Glutamate and L-Glutamine in Ruminants.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Review
- Dietary glycine supplementation enhances syntheses of creatine and glutathione by tissues of hybrid striped bass (Morone saxatilis ♀ × Morone chrysops ♂) fed soybean meal-based diets.Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Review
- Dietary glycine supplementation activates mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling pathway in tissues of pigs with intrauterine growth restriction.Journal of animal science · 2024Article
- Dietary glycine supplementation enhances glutathione availability in tissues of pigs with intrauterine growth restriction.Journal of animal science · 2024Article
- Protein quality of a small mammal prey and its body organs for felids.Journal of animal science · 2024Article
- Dietary glycine supplementation enhances creatine availability in tissues of pigs with intrauterine growth restriction.Journal of animal science · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Amino acids (AAs) are required for syntheses of proteins and low-molecular-weight substances with enormous physiological importance. Since 1912, AAs have been classified as nutritionally essential amino acids (EAAs) or nonessential amino acids (NEAAs) for animals. EAAs are those AAs that are either not synthesized or insufficiently synthesized de novo in the organisms. It was assumed that all NEAAs (now known as AAs that are synthesizable in animal cells de novo [AASAs]) were formed sufficiently in animals and were not needed in diets. However, studies over the past three decades have shown that sufficient dietary AASAs (e.g. glutamine, glutamate, glycine, and proline) are necessary for the maximum growth and optimum health of pigs, chickens, and fish. Thus, the concept of "ideal protein" (protein with an optimal EAA pattern that precisely meets the physiological needs of animals), which was originally proposed in the 1950s but ignored AASAs, is not ideal in animal nutrition. Ideal diets must provide all physiologically and nutritionally essential AAs. Improved patterns of AAs in diets for swine and chickens as well as zoo and companion animals have been proposed in recent years. Animal-sourced feedstuffs supply abundant EAAs and AASAs (including glutamate, glutamine, glycine, proline, 4-hydroxyproline, and taurine) for diets of swine, poultry, fish, and crustaceans to improve their growth, development, reproduction, and health, while sustaining global animal production. Nutritionists should move beyond the "ideal protein" concept to consider optimum ratios and amounts of all proteinogenic AAs in diets for mammals, birds, and aquatic animals, and, in the case of carnivores, also taurine.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.