ArticleBMC pediatrics2022
Trends, projection and inequalities in full immunization coverage in Ethiopia: in the period 2000-2019.
Article in BMC pediatrics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Article
- Prevalence and its associated factors of zero-dose vaccination and barriers among children under the age of 2 years in Southwest Ethiopia: A mixed-method study.SAGE open medicine · 2026Article
- Zero-Dose Childhood Immunization in Conflict-Affected PSNP Districts of Ethiopia: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study.Gates open research · 2026Article
- Pertussis outbreak investigation, associated risk factors, and evaluation of intervention effectiveness in Sayient Woreda, South Wollo Zone, Northwest Ethiopia: A case-control study.SAGE open medicine · 2026Article
- Effectiveness of PHCU interventions and enhanced headcount to address zero dose and under-immunized children in pastoralist communities: experience from Afar and Somali regions, Ethiopia.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Gender-Associated Factors on the Occurrence and Prevalence of Zero-Dose Children in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Critical Literature Review.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Review
- Gender Dynamics in Vaccine Acceptance and Hesitancy Among Primary Caregivers in Ethiopia: A Mixed-Methods Study.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Inequalities in full immunization coverage among one-year-olds in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2007-2017.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Risk factors associated with zero-dose and under-immunized children, and the number of vaccination doses received by children in Ethiopia: a negative binomial regression analysis.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Characteristics of Studies Focusing on Vaccine Series Completion Among Children Aged 12-23 Months in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Scoping Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Changes and determinants of pneumococcal vaccine uptake in Ethiopia.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Trends and determinants of complete vaccination coverage among children aged 12-59 months: An analysis of Bénin Demographic and Health Surveys from 1996 to 2018.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Trends and inequalities in full immunization coverage among two-year-olds in Sierra Leone, 2008-2019.PloS one · 2025Article
- Trends and inequalities in BCG immunisation coverage among one-year-olds in Sierra Leone, 2008-2019.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Inequality in Childhood Immunization Coverage: A Scoping Review of Data Sources, Analyses, and Reporting Methods.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Decomposition Analysis of Socioeconomic Inequalities in Vaccination Dropout in Remote and Underserved Settings in Ethiopia.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2024Article
- Determinants of second-dose measles vaccination dropout in Ethiopia: A community-based matched case-control study.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Patterns of basic pneumococcal conjugated vaccine coverage in Ethiopia from 2015 to 2018; further analysis of Ethiopian DHS (2016-2019).Vaccine: X · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundImmunization is among the most cost-effective health interventions to improve child survival. However, many countries in sub-Saharan Africa failed to achieve their national and international coverage targets repeatedly. The present study investigated trends of coverage and inequalities in coverage in Ethiopia.
methodsThis study used data from five rounds of the Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in Ethiopia in 2000, 2005, 2011, 2016, and 2019. The surveys used a multistage cluster sampling procedure to obtain a nationally and sub-nationally representative data. The outcome variables included in the study were full immunization coverage and inequality. The World Health Organization's Health Equity Assessment Toolkit was used to conduct the inequality analysis. Projections for 2025 were based on smoothed averages generated using the demographic and health survey data from 2000 to 2019.
resultsThe full (basic) immunization coverage in Ethiopia has increased steadily from 14.3% in 2000 to 44.1% in 2019. Based on the average past performance, the immunization coverage is projected to reach 53.6% by 2025, which will be short of the 75% national full (basic) immunization coverage target for the year 2025. Mothers with higher levels of education are more likely to get their children all basic vaccinations than those with lower levels of education. Similarly, the inequality gaps due to wealth and residency are significant; where children in the lowest wealth strata and those living in rural areas remained disadvantaged.
conclusionDespite a steady increase in immunization coverage in the past two decades the country is yet to achieve its immunization target. Thus, more efforts are needed to achieve the current and future national immunization targets. A more focused intervention targeting the disadvantaged groups could be an effective strategy to achieve coverage and minimize the inequality gaps in immunization.
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