ArticleBMC infectious diseases2022
Gender differences in measles incidence rates in a multi-year, pooled analysis, based on national data from seven high income countries.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- The prevalence of measles vaccination in measles-infected healthcare workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of infection prevention · 2026Review
- Serological Susceptibility to Measles Among International Students in South Korea After a Cluster of Cases: A Cross-Sectional Study.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2026Article
- Measles Seroprevalence Among Healthcare Workers in a Tertiary Hospital in Central Greece, 2017.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Trend of measles outbreak in Galmudug, Somalia: a retrospective study from 2023 to 2024.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Impact of measles vaccination on clinical characteristics and outcomes in children in Ramadi, Iraq.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2025Article
- MMR Vaccination Coverage and Epidemiological Patterns in Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia, 2020-2024: Analysis of Suspected and Laboratory-Confirmed Cases.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Low Measles Seropositivity in Vaccinated Children.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Benchmarking bias in embeddings of healthcare AI models: using SD-WEAT for detection and measurement across sensitive populations.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2025Article
- Attention to COVID 19 pandemic resulted in increased measles cases and deaths in Zambia.Tropical medicine and health · 2025Article
- Epidemiological investigation of measles outbreak in a refugee settlement in Lamwo District, Uganda.The Pan African medical journal · 2025Article
- Low Rates of Immunity among Medical Students and Residents in the Era of the Resurgence of Measles.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The conneXion between sex and immune responses.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2024Review
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Abstract
backgroundGender differences in a number of infectious diseases have been reported. The evidence for gender differences in clinical measles incidence rates has been variable and poorly documented over age groups, countries and time periods.
methodsWe obtained data on cases of measles by sex and age group over a period of 11-27 years from seven countries. Male to female incidence rate ratios (IRR) were computed for each year, by country and age group. For each age group, we used meta-analytic methods to combine the IRRs. Meta-regression was conducted to the estimate the effects of age, country, and time period on the IRR.
resultsIn the age groups < 1, 1-4, 5-9, 10-14, 15-44, and 45-64 the pooled IRRs (with 95% CI) were 1.07 (1.02-1.11), 1.10 (1.07-1.14), 1.03 (1.00-1.05), 1.05 (0.99-1.11), 1.08 (0.95-1.23), and 0.82 (0.74-0.92) respectively. The excess incidence rates (IR) from measles in males up to age 45 are remarkably consistent across countries and time-periods. In the age group 45-64, there is an excess incidence in women.
conclusionsThe consistency of the excess incidence rates in young males suggest that the sex differences are more likely due to physiological and biological differences and not behavioral factors. At older ages, differential exposure can play a part. These findings can provide further keys to the understanding of mechanisms of infection and tailoring vaccination schedules.
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