Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35409471›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2022

How Well Are Hand Hygiene Practices and Promotion Implemented in Sierra Leone? A Cross-Sectional Study in 13 Public Hospitals.

Sulaiman Lakoh, Anna Maruta, Christiana Kallon, Gibrilla F Deen, James B W Russell, Bobson Derrick Fofanah, Ibrahim Franklyn Kamara, Joseph Sam Kanu, Dauda Kamara, Bailah Molleh and 5 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Sulaiman LakohDepartment of Medicine, College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone.ORCID 0000-0002-7639-0004
Anna MarutaWorld Health Organization Country Office, Freetown, Sierra Leone.ORCID 0000-0002-6417-7273
Christiana KallonMinistry of Health and Sanitation, Government of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone.
Gibrilla F DeenDepartment of Medicine, College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone.
James B W RussellDepartment of Medicine, College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone.
Bobson Derrick FofanahWorld Health Organization Country Office, Freetown, Sierra Leone.ORCID 0000-0003-3276-8949
Ibrahim Franklyn KamaraWorld Health Organization Country Office, Freetown, Sierra Leone.ORCID 0000-0003-1454-4650
Joseph Sam KanuDepartment of Medicine, College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone.ORCID 0000-0003-0799-6907
Dauda KamaraMinistry of Health and Sanitation, Government of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone.
Bailah MollehSustainable Health Systems Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone.
Olukemi AdekanmbiDepartment of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200005, Nigeria.
Simon TavernorSchool of Medicine, University of Liverpool, Cedar House, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK.
Jamie GuthGlobal Health Connections, Center Barnstead, Barnstead, NH 03225, USA.
Karuna D SagiliInternational Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), Southeast Asia Office, New Delhi 110016, India.
Ewan WilkinsonInstitute of Medicine, University of Chester, Countess Way, Chester CH2 1BR, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-2167-8756

Funding

World Health Organization 001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) result in millions of avoidable deaths or prolonged lengths of stay in hospitals and cause huge economic loss to health systems and communities. Primarily, HAIs spread through the hands of healthcare workers, so improving hand hygiene can reduce their spread. We evaluated hand hygiene practices and promotion across 13 public health hospitals (six secondary and seven tertiary hospitals) in the Western Area of Sierra Leone in a cross-sectional study using the WHO hand hygiene self-Assessment framework in May 2021. The mean score for all hospitals was 273 ± 46, indicating an intermediate level of hand hygiene. Nine hospitals achieved an intermediate level and four a basic level. More secondary hospitals 5 (83%) were at the intermediate level, compared to tertiary hospitals 4 (57%). Tertiary hospitals were poorly rated in the reminders in workplace and institutional safety climate domains but excelled in training and education. Lack of budgets to support hand hygiene implementation is a priority gap underlying this poor performance. These gaps hinder hand hygiene practice and promotion, contributing to the continued spread of HAIs. Enhancing the distribution of hand hygiene resources and encouraging an embedded culture of hand hygiene practice in hospitals will reduce HAIs.

Indexed as

Cross InfectionHand HygieneCross-Sectional StudiesGuideline AdherenceHand DisinfectionHospitals, PublicHumansInfection ControlSierra Leonehand hygiene self-assessment framework (HHSAF)hand hygiene traininghealthcare-associated infections (HAIs)infection prevention and controlIPC in hospitalstructured operational research initiative training (SORT IT)

Identifiers

PMID35409471
PMCPMC8997996

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.