ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2022
The Mammary Gland: Basic Structure and Molecular Signaling during Development.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 122 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mammary adipocyte plasticity and epithelial crosstalk: roles in development, remodeling, and disease.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026Review
- Article
- Analysis of circRNA Differential Expression and ceRNA Network Construction in Yak Mammary Glands Across Different Physiological Stages.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Application of a uniaxial force by pulling the skin around the mammary gland may affect the orientation of the ducts and the length of the mammary ductal network: Findings from computational modeling and laboratory experiments.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Human milk: insights on cell composition, organoids and emerging applications.Pediatric research · 2026Review
- PCOS and breast cancer risk: hormonal modulation and epidemiological trends.Reproductive health · 2026Review
- SOX9 and SEMA7A regulate cell plasticity in the postpartum mammary gland with implications for breast cancer.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Late gestational exposure to flutamide alters stromal composition and immune landscape in the rat mammary gland during pre-puberty, peri-puberty, and adulthood.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2026Article
- Single cell RNA-sequencing reveals that testosterone reduces estrogen signaling in the healthy human mammary gland.Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia · 2026Article
- Estrogen Signaling During Abrupt Involution and Long-Term Metabolic Signature Similar to Estrogen Receptor-Negative Breast Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- An in utero exposure to the synthetic estrogen diethylstilbestrol affects the fat pad composition in post-natal mammary glands.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2026Article
- Exploring the Endocannabinoid System's Influence on Mammary Tissue and Breast Milk Inflammation in Maternal Chronic Obesity.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Single cell RNA-sequencing reveals an association between testosterone treatment and reduced hormone signaling in the human mammary gland.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Gap junction communication regulates luminal-myoepithelial crosstalk and cell differentiation in a bilayered human mammary epithelial cell model.Biology methods & protocols · 2026Article
- A novel, cost-effective approach to cell-cultured milk production: Progesterone and MMP inhibition promote lactogenic differentiation in bovine mammary epithelial cells.Food chemistry: X · 2026Article
- The role ofArchives animal breeding · 2026Article
- Developing Mammary Gland Models for Biomedical Applications.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Review
- Lentinula edodes Cultured Extract Intake at Puberty Mitigates Inflammatory Signals at the Mammary Glands by the Involvement of Epigenetic Mechanisms in BALB/c Mice.The breast journal · 2026Article
- Molecular Regulatory Mechanisms of Mammary Gland Development: A Review.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Review
- Cooperative CCL2/CCR2 and HGF/MET signaling enhances breast cancer growth and invasion associated with metabolic reprogramming.Cancer biology & therapy · 2025Article
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The mammary gland is a compound, branched tubuloalveolar structure and a major characteristic of mammals. The mammary gland has evolved from epidermal apocrine glands, the skin glands as an accessory reproductive organ to support postnatal survival of offspring by producing milk as a source of nutrition. The mammary gland development begins during embryogenesis as a rudimentary structure that grows into an elementary branched ductal tree and is embedded in one end of a larger mammary fat pad at birth. At the onset of ovarian function at puberty, the rudimentary ductal system undergoes dramatic morphogenetic change with ductal elongation and branching. During pregnancy, the alveolar differentiation and tertiary branching are completed, and during lactation, the mature milk-producing glands eventually develop. The early stages of mammary development are hormonal independent, whereas during puberty and pregnancy, mammary gland development is hormonal dependent. We highlight the current understanding of molecular regulators involved during different stages of mammary gland development.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.