ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2022
A Combined Elevation Angle and C/N0 Weighting Method for GNSS PPP on Xiaomi MI8 Smartphones.
Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Performance Assessment of Smartphone Tightly Coupled PPP/INS Integration with an Adaptive Robust Kalman Filter.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Random-Forest-Based Smartphone GNSS Position Correction Using Satellite-Wise LOS Projection Error Estimation and Exponential Temporal WLS.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Environmental Context Indicator for Evaluating Quality of GNSS Observation Environment Using Android Smartphone.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Stochastic Modeling of Smartphones GNSS Observations Using LS-VCE and Application to Samsung S20.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- GNSS Observation Generation from Smartphone Android Location API: Performance of Existing Apps, Issues and Improvement.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
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Abstract
Traditionally, an elevation-angle-dependent weighting method is usually used for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning with a geodetic receiver. As smartphones adopt linearly polarized antenna and low-cost GNSS chips, different GNSS observation properties are exhibited. As a result, a carrier-to-noise ratio (C/N0)-dependent weighting method is mostly used for smartphone-based GNSS positioning. However, the C/N0 is subject to the effects of the observation environment, resulting in an unstable observation weight. In this study, we propose a combined elevation angle and C/N0 weighting method for smartphone-based GNSS precise point positioning (PPP) by normalizing the C/N0-derived variances to the scale of the elevation-angle-derived variances. The proposed weighting method is validated in two kinematic PPP tests with different satellite visibility conditions. Compared with the elevation-angle-only and C/N0-only weighting methods, the combined weighting method can effectively enhance the smartphone-based PPP accuracy in a three-dimensional position by 22.7% and 24.2% in an open-sky area, and by 52.0% and 26.0% in a constrained visibility area, respectively.
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